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Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries
Class 10 Geography
Last Updated: 31 May 2026
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Important Points
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Practice MCQ Questions (29 questions)
Q1. Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
✓ Correct Answer: D
Q2. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?
✓ Correct Answer: C
Q3. What are basic industries? Give an example.
✓ Correct Answer: C
Q4. What is the main raw material for the sugar industry?
✓ Correct Answer: A
Q5. Which industry is known as the 'backbone of modern industry'?
✓ Correct Answer: D
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
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Tough Words (Glossary)
Manufacturing
Meaning: Making goods in large quantities from raw materials
अर्थ: कच्चे माल से बड़े पैमाने पर वस्तुएँ बनाना
"Manufacturing turns cotton into cloth."
Secondary sector
Meaning: The part of the economy that processes raw materials into finished goods
अर्थ: अर्थव्यवस्था का वह भाग जो कच्चे माल को तैयार वस्तुओं में बदलता है
"Cars are made in the secondary sector."
Modernising
Meaning: Making something newer, more advanced, or more efficient
अर्थ: किसी चीज़ को आधुनिक और अधिक दक्ष बनाना
"Modernising agriculture needs better machines."
Eradication
Meaning: Complete removal or ending of something harmful
अर्थ: किसी हानिकारक चीज़ का पूर्ण उन्मूलन
"Industrial growth helps in the eradication of poverty."
Disparities
Meaning: Great differences, often unfair
अर्थ: असमानताएँ या व्यापक अंतर
"Industries reduce regional disparities."
Backbone
Meaning: Main support or strength
अर्थ: रीढ़ या मुख्य आधार
"Manufacturing is the backbone of development."
Export
Meaning: Send goods to another country for sale
अर्थ: वस्तुओं को बेचने के लिए दूसरे देश भेजना
"We export many manufactured goods."
Competitiveness
Meaning: Ability to compete successfully
अर्थ: प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता
"Quality improves a firm’s competitiveness."
Globalisation
Meaning: Growing connection of economies and cultures worldwide
अर्थ: विश्वव्यापी आर्थिक-सांस्कृतिक जुड़ाव (वैश्वीकरण)
"Globalisation demands high product standards."
Agro-based
Meaning: Using agricultural products as raw materials
अर्थ: कृषि-आधारित
"Sugar and cotton are agro-based industries."
Mineral-based
Meaning: Using minerals or metals as raw materials
अर्थ: खनिज-आधारित
"Cement is a mineral-based industry."
Basic industry
Meaning: Industry that supplies materials to other industries
अर्थ: मूल/आधारभूत उद्योग
"Steel is a basic industry."
Consumer industry
Meaning: Industry that makes goods for direct use by people
अर्थ: उपभोक्ता उद्योग
"Soap is made in a consumer industry."
Capital investment
Meaning: Money put into a business to buy assets
अर्थ: पूंजी निवेश
"Small-scale units have limited capital investment."
Public sector
Meaning: Owned and run by the government
अर्थ: सरकारी क्षेत्र
"BHEL is a public sector company."
Private sector
Meaning: Owned and run by individuals or companies
अर्थ: निजी क्षेत्र
"Many automobile brands are in the private sector."
Joint sector
Meaning: Owned jointly by government and private parties
अर्थ: संयुक्त क्षेत्र
"OIL operates in the joint sector."
Cooperative sector
Meaning: Owned and operated by producers or workers collectively
अर्थ: सहकारी क्षेत्र
"Sugar mills run in the cooperative sector."
Heavy industry
Meaning: Industry using heavy raw materials and machinery
अर्थ: भारतीय/भारी उद्योग
"Shipbuilding is a heavy industry."
Light industry
Meaning: Industry using light raw materials and making light goods
अर्थ: हल्का उद्योग
"Making electric bulbs is a light industry."
Value chain
Meaning: Full range of steps from raw material to final product
अर्थ: मूल्य शृंखला
"Textiles have a complete value chain."
Localisation
Meaning: Concentration of industries in a particular area
अर्थ: स्थानीकरण/स्थानिक केंद्रीकरण
"Climate helped the localisation of cotton mills."
Decentralised
Meaning: Spread out rather than concentrated
अर्थ: विकेन्द्रीकृत
"Weaving is highly decentralised in India."
Handloom
Meaning: Manual weaving device
अर्थ: करघा (हाथ से चलने वाला)
"Khadi is woven on a handloom."
Powerloom
Meaning: Mechanised weaving loom
अर्थ: पावरलूम (यांत्रिक करघा)
"Powerloom units make large volumes of fabric."
Loomage
Meaning: Total number or capacity of looms in use
अर्थ: करघों की कुल संख्या/क्षमता (लूमेज)
"Policy keeps mill loomage lower than others."
Ginning
Meaning: Separating cotton fibers from seeds
अर्थ: रुई से बीज अलग करना (जिनिंग)
"Ginning cleans cotton before spinning."
Spinning
Meaning: Twisting fibers into yarn
अर्थ: काताई (धागा बनाना)
"Spinning converts cotton into yarn."
Weaving
Meaning: Interlacing yarns to make fabric
अर्थ: बुनाई
"Weaving turns yarn into cloth."
Dyeing
Meaning: Coloring fabric or yarn
अर्थ: रंगाई
"Dyeing gives bright colors to fabric."
Packaging
Meaning: Wrapping or boxing products for sale
अर्थ: पैकेजिंग/बंद डिब्बाबंदी
"Good packaging protects goods in transport."
Boll
Meaning: Seed pod of cotton plant
अर्थ: कपास का फली/बोल
"Workers pluck the cotton boll by hand."
Sucrose
Meaning: Type of sugar present in sugarcane
अर्थ: सुक्रोज/साधारण चीनी
"High sucrose improves sugar recovery."
Haulage
Meaning: Transporting goods by road or rail
अर्थ: ढुलाई/परिवहन
"Sugarcane loses weight during long haulage."
Seasonal
Meaning: Occurring in a particular season
अर्थ: मौसमी
"The sugar industry is seasonal."
Entailing
Meaning: Involving something as a necessary part
अर्थ: जिसमें शामिल होना/आवश्यक करना
"Steel making entails high transport cost."
Proximity
Meaning: Nearness in distance
अर्थ: निकटता
"Plants were set up due to proximity to raw materials."
Smelting
Meaning: Extracting metal from its ore by heating
अर्थ: धातु गलाना (स्मेल्टिंग)
"Aluminium comes from smelting alumina."
Metallurgical
Meaning: Related to the science of metals
अर्थ: धातुकर्म संबंधी
"Steel is a major metallurgical industry."
Corrosion
Meaning: Gradual destruction of metals by chemical reaction
अर्थ: जंग लगना/क्षरण
"Aluminium resists corrosion."
Malleable
Meaning: Able to be shaped by hammering or pressing
अर्थ: लचीला/आकार देने योग्य (मालिएबल)
"Aluminium is malleable and light."
Conductivity
Meaning: Ability to conduct heat or electricity
अर्थ: चालकता
"Copper has high electrical conductivity."
Petrochemicals
Meaning: Chemicals made from petroleum
अर्थ: पेट्रोकेमिकल (खनिज तेल से बने रसायन)
"Plastics are petrochemicals."
Alkalies
Meaning: Basic chemicals like caustic soda
अर्थ: क्षार (अल्कली)
"Alkalies are used to make soap."
Caustic soda
Meaning: A strong alkali used in many industries
अर्थ: कॉस्टिक सोडा (एक शक्तिशाली क्षार)
"Paper mills use caustic soda."
Pharmaceuticals
Meaning: Medicines and related products
अर्थ: दवाएँ/औषधियाँ
"Pharmaceuticals need strict quality control."
Nitrogenous
Meaning: Containing nitrogen
अर्थ: नाइट्रोजन युक्त
"Urea is a nitrogenous fertilizer."
Phosphatic
Meaning: Containing phosphate
अर्थ: फॉस्फेट युक्त
"DAP is a phosphatic fertilizer."
Potash
Meaning: Potassium compounds used as fertilizer
अर्थ: पोटाश (पोटेशियम यौगिक)
"India imports potash for farming."
Effluents
Meaning: Liquid waste released by industries
अर्थ: औद्योगिक तरल अपशिष्ट (इफ़्लुएंट)
"Treat effluents before releasing into rivers."
Electroplating
Meaning: Coating a metal with another using electricity
अर्थ: विद्युतलेपन (इलेक्ट्रोप्लेटिंग)
"Electroplating prevents rusting."
Particulate matter
Meaning: Tiny solid or liquid particles in air
अर्थ: कणिकीय पदार्थ
"Particulate matter causes breathing problems."
Noxious
Meaning: Harmful or poisonous
अर्थ: हानिकारक/विषैला
"Noxious fumes affect workers’ health."
Percolate
Meaning: To pass slowly through a filter or porous surface
अर्थ: रिस-रिस कर भीतर जाना
"Pollutants percolate into groundwater."
Pneumatic
Meaning: Operated by air pressure
अर्थ: वायवीय (हवा के दबाव से चलने वाला)
"Pneumatic drills are very noisy."
Precipitator
Meaning: Device removing particles from smoke
अर्थ: कण अवक्षेपक (प्रेसिपिटेटर)
"Fit a precipitator on the chimney."
Scrubber
Meaning: Device that removes pollutants from gases
अर्थ: स्क्रबर (गैस शोधन उपकरण)
"A scrubber cleans industrial gas."
Flocculation
Meaning: Clumping of particles for easier removal
अर्थ: फ्लॉकुलेशन/कण गुच्छन
"Flocculation helps in water treatment."
Sedimentation
Meaning: Settling of particles at the bottom of a liquid
अर्थ: अवसादन
"Sedimentation removes heavy dirt from water."
Tertiary treatment
Meaning: Final advanced stage of wastewater cleaning
अर्थ: तृतीयक उपचार (अंतिम उन्नत शोधन)
"Tertiary treatment makes water reusable."