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Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 – Agriculture
Class 10 Geography
Last Updated: 23 July 2026
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हिंदी में (Hindi)
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Tough Words (Glossary)
Agriculture
Meaning: The practice of farming
अर्थ: कृषि
"Agriculture is the backbone of India."
Subsistence
Meaning: Maintaining oneself at minimum level
अर्थ: जीविका
"He does subsistence farming."
Commercial
Meaning: Related to trade and profit
अर्थ: व्यावसायिक
"Commercial farming is profit-oriented."
Plantation
Meaning: Large-scale farming of a single crop
अर्थ: खेती बाड़ी
"Tea plantation is common in Assam."
Cultivation
Meaning: Process of growing crops
अर्थ: खेती
"Cultivation requires fertile soil."
Fertility
Meaning: Ability of soil to produce crops
अर्थ: उपजाऊपन
"Soil fertility helps crops grow better."
Irrigation
Meaning: Supply of water to crops
अर्थ: सिंचाई
"Irrigation is needed in dry areas."
Monsoon
Meaning: Seasonal wind bringing rains
अर्थ: मानसून
"The monsoon brings heavy rains."
Harvest
Meaning: Gathering of mature crops
अर्थ: फसल कटाई
"Farmers celebrate after harvest."
Productivity
Meaning: Efficiency of producing crops
अर्थ: उत्पादकता
"High productivity improves income."
Fragmentation
Meaning: Breaking into smaller parts
अर्थ: विखंडन
"Fragmentation reduces farm size."
Consolidation
Meaning: Combining into a whole
अर्थ: एकीकरण
"Consolidation increases efficiency."
Intensive
Meaning: High input farming
अर्थ: सघन
"Intensive farming needs more labour."
Primitive
Meaning: Old and simple
अर्थ: आदिम
"Primitive tools were used."
Slash-and-burn
Meaning: Cutting and burning for farming
अर्थ: झूम खेती
"Slash-and-burn clears land."
Shifting
Meaning: Moving from one land to another
अर्थ: स्थानांतरण
"Farmers keep shifting fields."
Sustain
Meaning: Support and maintain
अर्थ: बनाए रखना
"We must sustain resources."
Crop rotation
Meaning: Changing crops in sequence
अर्थ: फसल चक्र
"Crop rotation improves soil fertility."
Millets
Meaning: Small-grained cereal crops
अर्थ: मोटा अनाज
"Millets are healthy grains."
Pulses
Meaning: Edible seeds rich in protein
अर्थ: दलहन
"India produces many pulses."
Leguminous
Meaning: Plants that fix nitrogen
अर्थ: नाइट्रोजन स्थिर करने वाले पौधे
"Leguminous crops add nitrogen to soil."
Staple
Meaning: Main food crop
अर्थ: मुख्य आहार
"Rice is a staple food."
Precipitation
Meaning: Rainfall
अर्थ: वृष्टि
"Precipitation varies by region."
Humid
Meaning: Containing moisture
अर्थ: आर्द्र
"The forest is humid."
Subtropical
Meaning: Between tropics and temperate regions
अर्थ: उपोष्णकटिबंधीय
"India has subtropical climate."
Alluvial
Meaning: Soil deposited by rivers
अर्थ: जलोढ़
"Alluvial soil is very fertile."
Loamy
Meaning: Soil rich in sand and clay
अर्थ: दोमट
"Loamy soil suits farming."
Manure
Meaning: Organic matter for soil
अर्थ: खाद
"Manure enriches the soil."
Fertiliser
Meaning: Chemical to increase fertility
अर्थ: उर्वरक
"Fertilisers boost crop yield."
Pesticide
Meaning: Chemical to kill pests
अर्थ: कीटनाशक
"Pesticides protect crops."
Insecticide
Meaning: Chemical to kill insects
अर्थ: कीट नाशक
"Insecticides kill harmful insects."
Mechanisation
Meaning: Use of machines in farming
अर्थ: मशीनीकरण
"Mechanisation saves time."
Green Revolution
Meaning: 1960s farming reform in India
अर्थ: हरित क्रांति
"Green Revolution improved farming."
White Revolution
Meaning: Milk production revolution
अर्थ: श्वेत क्रांति
"White Revolution boosted milk supply."
Cooperative
Meaning: Working together for benefit
अर्थ: सहकारी
"Farmers formed cooperatives."
Procurement
Meaning: Process of buying from farmers
अर्थ: क्रय
"Procurement prices are fixed."
Remunerative
Meaning: Profitable
अर्थ: लाभकारी
"Farmers seek remunerative prices."
Subsidy
Meaning: Financial help from govt.
अर्थ: अनुदान
"The govt. gave subsidy."
Sericulture
Meaning: Silk production from worms
अर्थ: रेशम उत्पादन
"Sericulture is common in Karnataka."
Horticulture
Meaning: Growing fruits and vegetables
अर्थ: उद्यानिकी
"Horticulture exports are high."
Beverage
Meaning: Drink crop like tea or coffee
अर्थ: पेय पदार्थ
"Tea is a beverage crop."
Inequality
Meaning: Unfair difference
अर्थ: असमानता
"Inequality exists in landholding."
Indigenous
Meaning: Native to a region
अर्थ: स्वदेशी
"Indigenous crops are eco-friendly."
Exploitation
Meaning: Unfair use
अर्थ: शोषण
"Exploitation of farmers is unfair."
Ecological
Meaning: Relation to environment
अर्थ: पारिस्थितिक
"Ecological balance is important."
Bhoodan
Meaning: Land donation movement
अर्थ: भूदान
"Bhoodan donated land to poor."
Gramdan
Meaning: Village donation movement
अर्थ: ग्रामदान
"Gramdan donated villages."
Satyagraha
Meaning: Non-violent protest
अर्थ: सत्याग्रह
"Gandhi led Satyagraha."
Revolution
Meaning: Major change
अर्थ: क्रांति
"The IT Revolution changed India."
Swarajya
Meaning: Self-rule
अर्थ: स्वराज्य
"Swarajya was Gandhiji’s dream."