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Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 – Resources and Development
Class 10 Geography
Last Updated: 31 May 2026
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हिंदी में (Hindi)
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Important Points
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Practice MCQ Questions (30 questions)
Q1. What is a resource according to the document?
✓ Correct Answer: C
Q2. How can resources be classified on the basis of origin?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q3. What is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
✓ Correct Answer: C
Q4. In which state is terrace cultivation practiced?
✓ Correct Answer: D
Q5. Which state predominantly has black soil?
✓ Correct Answer: B
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
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Tough Words (Glossary)
Resource
Meaning: Anything from the environment used to satisfy human needs
अर्थ: संसाधन: पर्यावरण से प्राप्त वह वस्तु या पदार्थ जो मानव आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करे
"Water is a vital resource for life."
Feasible
Meaning: Possible and practical to do easily or conveniently
अर्थ: व्यावहारिक/संभव
"We must choose a feasible plan for waste management."
Culturally acceptable
Meaning: Approved by the traditions and values of a society
अर्थ: सांस्कृतिक रूप से स्वीकार्य
"Development should be culturally acceptable to local people."
Transformation
Meaning: A thorough or dramatic change in form or nature
अर्थ: रूपांतरण/परिवर्तन
"Technology leads to the transformation of raw materials into useful goods."
Interdependent
Meaning: Depending on each other
अर्थ: परस्पर निर्भर
"Nature, technology and institutions are interdependent."
Institution
Meaning: An established organization or system in society
अर्थ: संस्था
"Strong institutions accelerate economic development."
Biotic
Meaning: Related to living things
अर्थ: जीवित/जैविक
"Forests are biotic resources."
Abiotic
Meaning: Related to non-living things
अर्थ: अजीव/निर्जीव
"Minerals are abiotic resources."
Exhaustibility
Meaning: The ability of a resource to be used up
अर्थ: क्षयशीलता/समाप्त होने की क्षमता
"Coal has high exhaustibility compared to sunlight."
Renewable
Meaning: That can be replenished naturally over time
अर्थ: नवीकरणीय
"Wind energy is a renewable resource."
Non-renewable
Meaning: That cannot be replaced within a human timescale
अर्थ: अन‑नवीकरणीय
"Petroleum is a non-renewable resource."
Ownership
Meaning: The legal right to possess something
अर्थ: स्वामित्व
"Community ownership of resources ensures fairness."
Potential resource
Meaning: A resource that exists but is not yet used
अर्थ: संभाव्य संसाधन
"Tidal energy is a potential resource in many coasts."
Developed stock
Meaning: Resources surveyed and ready for use
अर्थ: विकसित भंडार
"Mapped groundwater forms a developed stock for cities."
Reserves
Meaning: A part of resources that can be used in the future
अर्थ: आरक्षित भंडार
"Coal reserves must be used judiciously."
Depletion
Meaning: Reduction in quantity or number
अर्थ: क्षय/घटाव
"Overuse leads to groundwater depletion."
Accumulation
Meaning: Gradual gathering or increase
अर्थ: संचय
"Accumulation of resources in few hands creates inequality."
Indiscriminate
Meaning: Done without careful judgment
अर्थ: अंधाधुंध/अविवेकी
"Indiscriminate mining damages land."
Exploitation
Meaning: Unfair use of something for one’s own benefit
अर्थ: शोषण/दुरुपयोग
"Resource exploitation has caused pollution."
Ecological crisis
Meaning: A serious and sudden environmental problem
अर्थ: पारिस्थितिक संकट
"Global warming is an ecological crisis."
Equitable
Meaning: Fair and impartial
अर्थ: समान/निष्पक्ष
"Equitable distribution of resources promotes peace."
Sustainable development
Meaning: Development that meets present needs without harming future needs
अर्थ: सतत विकास
"Cities must plan for sustainable development."
Agenda 21
Meaning: A global plan adopted in 1992 for sustainable development
अर्थ: एजेंडा 21 (सतत विकास हेतु वैश्विक कार्ययोजना)
"Local bodies were urged to prepare their own Agenda 21."
Inventory
Meaning: A detailed list of items
अर्थ: सूची/सूचीकरण
"The survey created an inventory of village resources."
Surveying
Meaning: Measuring and mapping land
अर्थ: सर्वेक्षण/मापन
"Surveying helps identify resource-rich areas."
Qualitative
Meaning: Related to qualities, not numbers
अर्थ: गुणात्मक
"We need qualitative and quantitative data."
Quantitative
Meaning: Related to numbers and amounts
अर्थ: मात्रात्मक
"Quantitative estimates guide planning."
Infrastructure
Meaning: Basic facilities like roads and power
अर्थ: बुनियादी ढाँचा
"Hilly states often lack infrastructure."
Endowed
Meaning: Provided or supplied with a quality or asset
अर्थ: संपन्न/सम्पोषित
"Rajasthan is well endowed with solar energy."
Deficit
Meaning: A lack or shortage
अर्थ: घाटा/कमी
"The region has a deficit of water resources."
Colonisation
Meaning: Control by one country over another area
अर्थ: उपनिवेशीकरण
"Colonisation targeted resource‑rich regions."
Conservation
Meaning: Protection and careful use of resources
अर्थ: संरक्षण
"Soil conservation prevents erosion."
Afforestation
Meaning: Planting trees in an area where there were none
अर्थ: वनीकरण/वृक्षारोपण
"Afforestation helps restore degraded land."
Overgrazing
Meaning: Excessive grazing that damages vegetation
अर्थ: अत्यधिक चराई
"Overgrazing leads to land degradation."
Quarrying
Meaning: Extracting stone or minerals from an open pit
अर्थ: पथराई/खदान से निकासी
"Quarrying leaves deep scars on the land."
Effluents
Meaning: Liquid waste discharged into water or land
अर्थ: अपशिष्ट जल/उत्सर्जन
"Industrial effluents pollute rivers."
Infiltration
Meaning: Process of water entering the soil
अर्थ: अभिस्रवण/जल का मिट्टी में समावेश
"Dust reduces the infiltration of rainwater."
Arid
Meaning: Extremely dry; having little rain
अर्थ: शुष्क/मरुस्थलीय
"Arid soils lack humus and moisture."
Saline
Meaning: Containing or relating to salt
अर्थ: लवणीय/नमकीन
"Saline soils need careful irrigation."
Humus
Meaning: Decayed organic matter in soil
अर्थ: ह्यूमस/अपघटित कार्बनिक पदार्थ
"Humus makes soil fertile."
Leaching
Meaning: Loss of nutrients as water passes through soil
अर्थ: अपक्षालन/लीचिंग
"Heavy rain causes leaching in laterite soils."
Alluvial
Meaning: Soil deposited by rivers
अर्थ: जलोढ़/नदीजनित
"Alluvial plains are densely populated."
Piedmont
Meaning: Land formed at the base of mountains
अर्थ: पर्वतपाद क्षेत्र
"Duar and Terai are piedmont plains."
Regur
Meaning: Another name for black cotton soil
अर्थ: रेगर (काली कपासी मिट्टी)
"Regur soil retains moisture well."
Basalt
Meaning: Dark volcanic rock
अर्थ: बेसाल्ट/ज्वालामुखीय शिला
"Deccan Trap is made of basalt."
Perennial
Meaning: Lasting or existing for a long time; year-round
अर्थ: सदानीरा/स्थायी
"Himalayan rivers have a perennial flow."
Fallow
Meaning: Ploughed land left uncultivated to restore fertility
अर्थ: परती भूमि
"Farmers keep some fields fallow each year."
Alkalinity
Meaning: The degree to which a substance is basic
अर्थ: क्षारीयता
"Over‑irrigation increases soil alkalinity."
Ravine
Meaning: A deep, narrow valley formed by running water
अर्थ: बीहड़/गहरी खाई
"The Chambal ravines are unsuitable for farming."
Contour ploughing
Meaning: Ploughing along lines of equal height to slow runoff
अर्थ: समोच्च जुताई
"Contour ploughing reduces soil erosion on slopes."
Terrace cultivation
Meaning: Farming on stepped levels cut into hillsides
अर्थ: सीढ़ीदार खेती
"Terrace cultivation is common in the Himalayas."
Strip cropping
Meaning: Growing crops in alternating strips to reduce erosion
अर्थ: पट्टी फसल पद्धति
"Strip cropping breaks the force of wind."
Shelter belts
Meaning: Rows of trees planted to block wind
अर्थ: वायु अवरोध/विंडब्रेक
"Shelter belts help stabilise sand dunes."