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Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 9 History Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
Class 9 History
Last Updated: 23 July 2026
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Tough Words (Glossary)
Weimar Republic
Meaning: Democratic government of Germany (1919–1933) formed after WWI.
अर्थ: प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध के बाद बनी जर्मनी की लोकतांत्रिक सरकार (1919–1933)।
"The Weimar Republic struggled with political instability."
Reichstag
Meaning: The German parliament during the Weimar and Nazi periods.
अर्थ: वाइमर और नाज़ी काल का जर्मन संसद।
"Hitler’s party increased its seats in the Reichstag."
Treaty of Versailles
Meaning: Peace treaty that imposed harsh terms on Germany after WWI.
अर्थ: प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध के बाद जर्मनी पर कठोर शर्तें थोपने वाली संधि।
"Germans resented the Treaty of Versailles."
Reparations
Meaning: Payments made by a defeated country to compensate for war damages.
अर्थ: युद्ध क्षतिपूर्ति—हारने वाले देश द्वारा चुकाए जाने वाले भुगतान।
"Heavy reparations crippled the German economy."
Rhineland
Meaning: A resource-rich German region demilitarised by the Allies.
अर्थ: संसाधन‑समृद्ध जर्मन क्षेत्र जिसे मित्र राष्ट्रों ने निरस्त्रीकृत किया।
"Allied troops occupied the Rhineland in the 1920s."
War Guilt Clause
Meaning: Article blaming Germany for causing WWI.
अर्थ: वह प्रावधान जो प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध का दोष जर्मनी पर डालता था।
"The War Guilt Clause humiliated Germany."
Hyperinflation
Meaning: Extremely rapid rise in prices that erodes currency value.
अर्थ: कीमतों में अत्यधिक तेज़ वृद्धि जिससे मुद्रा का मूल्य गिरता है।
"Germany faced hyperinflation in 1923."
Dawes Plan
Meaning: A 1924 plan that restructured Germany’s reparation payments.
अर्थ: 1924 की योजना जिसने जर्मनी की क्षतिपूर्ति भुगतान को पुनर्गठित किया।
"The Dawes Plan stabilised the currency."
Great Depression
Meaning: Worldwide economic downturn starting in 1929.
अर्थ: 1929 से शुरू हुई वैश्विक आर्थिक मंदी।
"The Great Depression created mass unemployment."
Proportional Representation
Meaning: System where parties gain seats by share of votes.
अर्थ: ऐसी व्यवस्था जिसमें दलों को वोट प्रतिशत के अनुसार सीटें मिलती हैं।
"Proportional representation led to fragile coalitions."
Article 48
Meaning: Weimar clause allowing rule by decree during emergencies.
अर्थ: वाइमर संविधान का प्रावधान जो आपातकाल में अध्यादेश द्वारा शासन की अनुमति देता था।
"Presidents frequently used Article 48 to bypass parliament."
Chancellorship
Meaning: Office of the head of government in Germany.
अर्थ: जर्मनी में सरकार के प्रमुख का पद।
"Hitler was offered the chancellorship in 1933."
Enabling Act
Meaning: 1933 law giving Hitler power to rule by decree.
अर्थ: 1933 का क़ानून जिसने हिटलर को अध्यादेश द्वारा शासन करने की शक्ति दी।
"The Enabling Act destroyed German democracy."
Gestapo
Meaning: Nazi secret state police known for terror tactics.
अर्थ: नाज़ी गुप्त राज्य पुलिस जो दहशत भरे तरीक़ों के लिए कुख्यात थी।
"The Gestapo arrested political opponents at night."
SS (Schutzstaffel)
Meaning: Elite Nazi force responsible for security and camps.
अर्थ: नाज़ी élite बल, सुरक्षा और शिविरों के लिए ज़िम्मेदार।
"The SS oversaw concentration camps."
SA (Storm Troopers)
Meaning: Paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party.
अर्थ: नाज़ी पार्टी का अर्द्धसैनिक विंग।
"The SA helped intimidate voters."
Propaganda
Meaning: Information used to shape opinion, often biased.
अर्थ: मत प्रभावित करने हेतु प्रयुक्त, प्रायः पक्षपाती जानकारी।
"Nazi propaganda portrayed Hitler as a saviour."
Volkswagen
Meaning: ‘People’s car’—a mass‑produced affordable car in Nazi Germany.
अर्थ: ‘लोगों की कार’—नाज़ी जर्मनी में बनाई गई सस्ती कार।
"Families dreamed of buying a Volkswagen."
Lebensraum
Meaning: Nazi idea of ‘living space’ for Germans by expanding east.
अर्थ: जर्मनों के लिए पूर्व की ओर विस्तार करके ‘जीवन‑स्थान’ प्राप्त करने की नाज़ी अवधारणा।
"Hitler sought Lebensraum in Eastern Europe."
Pseudoscientific
Meaning: Falsely claiming to be scientific.
अर्थ: कूट‑वैज्ञानिक; जो विज्ञान होने का झूठा दावा करे।
"Racial theories were pseudoscientific."
Euthanasia
Meaning: Killing of those considered ‘unfit’ under the Nazi program.
अर्थ: नाज़ी योजना के तहत ‘अयोग्य’ माने गए लोगों की हत्या।
"The euthanasia program targeted the disabled."
Genocide
Meaning: Systematic, intentional destruction of a people.
अर्थ: किसी समुदाय का सुनियोजित, इरादतन विनाश।
"The Holocaust was a genocide of European Jews."
Ghetto
Meaning: Segregated area where Jews were forced to live.
अर्थ: वह अलग‑थलग क्षेत्र जहाँ यहूदियों को रहने के लिए मजबूर किया गया।
"Families were moved into the Warsaw ghetto."
Pogrom
Meaning: Organised violent attack on a particular community.
अर्थ: किसी समुदाय पर संगठित हिंसक हमला।
"Shops were looted during the 1938 pogrom."
Ghettoisation
Meaning: Process of confining people to ghettos.
अर्थ: लोगों को यहूदी बस्तियों में सीमित करने की प्रक्रिया।
"Ghettoisation led to hunger and disease."
Annihilation
Meaning: Complete destruction or killing.
अर्थ: पूर्ण विनाश या हत्या।
"The regime planned the annihilation of Jews."
Concentration Camp
Meaning: Detention camp for forced labour and extermination.
अर्थ: जहाँ कैदियों से जबरन काम कराया जाता और उनकी हत्या की जाती थी।
"Prisoners were sent to concentration camps."
Auschwitz
Meaning: Largest Nazi death camp in occupied Poland.
अर्थ: कब्ज़े वाले पोलैंड में सबसे बड़ा नाज़ी मृत्यु‑शिविर।
"Many trains of deportees arrived at Auschwitz."
Nuremberg Laws
Meaning: Racist laws defining who was a ‘Jew’ and stripping rights.
अर्थ: नस्लवादी क़ानून जो ‘यहूदी’ की परिभाषा देते और अधिकार छीनते थे।
"The Nuremberg Laws banned mixed marriages."
Final Solution
Meaning: Nazi plan to exterminate all Jews.
अर्थ: सभी यहूदियों के संहार की नाज़ी योजना।
"The Final Solution used gas chambers."
Kristallnacht
Meaning: 1938 ‘Night of Broken Glass’—violent attacks on Jews.
अर्थ: 1938 की ‘टूटी काँच की रात’—यहूदियों पर हिंसक हमले।
"Synagogues burned on Kristallnacht."
Swastika
Meaning: Nazi party symbol used on flags and banners.
अर्थ: नाज़ी पार्टी का प्रतीक चिह्न जो झंडों पर प्रयोग हुआ।
"Red banners bore the swastika."
Racial Hierarchy
Meaning: Ranking of people based on race.
अर्थ: नस्ल के आधार पर लोगों की श्रेणीबद्धता।
"Nazis preached a racial hierarchy."
Aryan
Meaning: Term Nazis used for ‘pure’ Nordic Germans.
अर्थ: ‘शुद्ध’ नॉर्डिक जर्मनों के लिए नाज़ियों द्वारा प्रयोग किया गया शब्द।
"Only ‘Aryans’ were seen as desirable."
Anti‑Semitism
Meaning: Hostility or prejudice against Jews.
अर्थ: यहूदियों के प्रति घृणा या पूर्वाग्रह।
"Anti‑Semitism was central to Nazi ideology."
Totalitarian
Meaning: A system with total control over public and private life.
अर्थ: ऐसी व्यवस्था जिसमें सार्वजनिक व निजी जीवन पर पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो।
"Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state."
Militarisation
Meaning: Build‑up of armed forces and war readiness.
अर्थ: सशस्त्र बलों का विस्तार और युद्ध‑तैयारी।
"The regime pushed rapid militarisation."
Hegemony
Meaning: Dominant influence or leadership.
अर्थ: प्रभुत्व या वर्चस्व।
"The USSR established hegemony in Eastern Europe."
Capitulate
Meaning: To surrender after negotiation or resistance.
अर्थ: समर्पण करना; हार मान लेना।
"Germany capitulated in 1918."
Abdication
Meaning: Formal renunciation of the throne.
अर्थ: राजगद्दी त्यागने की औपचारिक घोषणा।
"The emperor’s abdication ended the empire."
Coalition
Meaning: Alliance of different parties to form a government.
अर्थ: विभिन्न दलों का मिलकर सरकार बनाना।
"Coalition cabinets were short‑lived."
Destitution
Meaning: Extreme poverty without basic needs.
अर्थ: चरम गरीबी; दीन‑हीन अवस्था।
"Many faced destitution during the Depression."
Proletarianisation
Meaning: Becoming part of the working class.
अर्थ: कामगार वर्ग में धकेले जाने की प्रक्रिया।
"Middle classes feared proletarianisation."
Demilitarised
Meaning: Stripped of military forces or weapons.
अर्थ: निरस्त्रीकृत; जहाँ सेना/हथियार न हों।
"The Rhineland was demilitarised."
Autocracy
Meaning: Government by a single ruler with absolute power.
अर्थ: पूर्ण सत्ता वाले एक शासक का शासन।
"Tsarist Russia was an autocracy."
Censorship
Meaning: Control of information by the authorities.
अर्थ: सूचना पर अधिकारियों का नियंत्रण।
"Censorship was abolished after 1789 in France; Nazis later revived it."
Ideology
Meaning: A set of beliefs guiding political action.
अर्थ: राजनीतिक क्रिया को मार्गदर्शित करने वाले विचारों का समूह।
"Nazi ideology glorified race and war."
Persecution
Meaning: Hostile treatment, especially because of identity.
अर्थ: पहचान के कारण उत्पीड़न।
"Minorities faced systematic persecution."
Deportation
Meaning: Forcible removal to another place, usually by authorities.
अर्थ: प्राधिकारियों द्वारा जबरन किसी और स्थान भेजना।
"Families feared deportation to camps."
Extermination
Meaning: Killing on a massive, organised scale.
अर्थ: संगठित रूप से बड़े पैमाने पर हत्या।
"Gas chambers were used for extermination."
Inculcate
Meaning: To instill an idea through persistent teaching.
अर्थ: लगातार शिक्षा देकर विचार बिठाना।
"Schools tried to inculcate loyalty to Hitler."
Indoctrination
Meaning: Teaching to accept a set of beliefs without question.
अर्थ: बिना सवाल किए मान्यताओं को सिखाना।
"Youth faced heavy indoctrination."
Stereotype
Meaning: Oversimplified, fixed idea about a group.
अर्थ: किसी समूह के बारे में जड़, सरलीकृत धारणा।
"Propaganda spread harmful stereotypes."
Scapegoat
Meaning: A person/group blamed for others’ problems.
अर्थ: दूसरों की समस्याओं का दोष ढोने वाला।
"Jews were made the scapegoat for crises."
Boycott
Meaning: Refusal to use or buy as a protest.
अर्थ: विरोध में किसी वस्तु/सेवा का उपयोग न करना।
"There was a boycott of Jewish businesses."
Annexation
Meaning: Forcible addition of territory to a state.
अर्थ: किसी क्षेत्र का बलपूर्वक अपने राज्य में मिला लेना।
"Austria’s annexation was called Anschluss."
Hegemonic
Meaning: Relating to dominance over others.
अर्थ: दूसरों पर प्रभुत्व से संबंधित।
"A hegemonic power shapes regional politics."
Tribunal
Meaning: A court of justice.
अर्थ: न्यायाधिकरण; विशेष न्यायालय।
"The Nuremberg Tribunal tried Nazi leaders."
Retribution
Meaning: Punishment seen as morally right or deserved.
अर्थ: न्यायोचित दंड; प्रतिशोधात्मक दंड।
"Many felt the retribution was too mild."
Allies
Meaning: Countries united against Germany in the World Wars.
अर्थ: वे देश जो विश्वयुद्धों में जर्मनी के ख़िलाफ़ एकजुट थे।
"Germany surrendered to the Allies in 1945."
Capo
Meaning: A prisoner assigned by guards to supervise other prisoners.
अर्थ: कैदियों पर निगरानी रखने के लिए नियुक्त कैदी पर्यवेक्षक।
"Some capos were notorious for cruelty."
Bunker
Meaning: A reinforced underground shelter.
अर्थ: मज़बूत भूमिगत शरण‑स्थल।
"Hitler died in his Berlin bunker."
Suicide Pact
Meaning: Agreement to end lives together.
अर्थ: सामूहिक आत्महत्या का समझौता।
"Some leaders entered a suicide pact at war’s end."
Crimes Against Humanity
Meaning: Widespread or systematic attacks on civilians.
अर्थ: नागरिकों पर व्यापक/संगठित हमले—मानवता के विरुद्ध अपराध।
"Leaders were charged with crimes against humanity."
Expropriation
Meaning: State seizure of private property.
अर्थ: निजी संपत्ति का राज्य द्वारा अधिग्रहण।
"Expropriation targeted Jewish assets."
Intelligentsia
Meaning: Educated, intellectual class of a society.
अर्थ: समाज का शिक्षित/बौद्धिक वर्ग।
"Polish intelligentsia were persecuted."
Conscription
Meaning: Compulsory enlistment for military service.
अर्थ: सैन्य सेवा हेतु अनिवार्य भर्ती।
"Conscription swelled the Nazi army."
Plebiscite
Meaning: Direct vote by the people on an important issue.
अर्थ: महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दे पर जनता का प्रत्यक्ष मत।
"The regime sometimes spoke of plebiscites to claim support."
Dictatorship
Meaning: Rule by one leader with absolute power.
अर्थ: एक शासक का निरंकुश शासन।
"The Enabling Act ushered in dictatorship."
Xenophobia
Meaning: Fear or hatred of foreigners.
अर्थ: विदेशियों के प्रति भय या घृणा।
"Xenophobia was fanned by propaganda."
Purge
Meaning: Forceful removal of people considered undesirable.
अर्थ: अवांछित समझे जाने वालों का बलपूर्वक निष्कासन।
"Party purges silenced dissent."
Subhuman
Meaning: Considered less than fully human; dehumanised.
अर्थ: अधम; मनुष्य से कम समझा गया।
"Nazis called Slavs ‘subhuman’."
Undesirable
Meaning: Deemed unfit to belong to society.
अर्थ: समाज के लिए अनुपयुक्त/अवांछित।
"‘Undesirables’ were deported to camps."
Intimidation
Meaning: Frightening someone to make them do something.
अर्थ: धमकाकर किसी से कुछ करवाना।
"Street intimidation suppressed voters."
Supremacy
Meaning: State of being superior to all others.
अर्थ: सर्वोच्चता; प्रभुत्व।
"Racial supremacy was a core claim of Nazis."