Q1. What was the first clear expression of nationalism in Europe?
A. The Napoleonic wars
B. The Congress of Vienna
C. The French Revolution
D. The Industrial Revolution
Q2. Which symbol is used to personify Liberty during the French Revolution?
A. A female figure
B. A male figure
C. A child
D. A soldier
Q3. Which countries were leading the procession in Sorrieu's utopian vision?
A. France and Germany
B. The United States and Switzerland
C. Germany and Italy
D. France and Austria
Q4. What do the shattered remains in the foreground of Sorrieu's print symbolise?
A. Liberty
B. The revolution
C. The Enlightenment
D. The monarchy
Q5. When did the first clear expression of nationalism come with the French Revolution?
A. 1799
B. 1789
C. 1815
D. 1848
Q6. What replaced the former royal standard in France?
A. The French tricolour
B. The royal standard
C. The Napoleonic flag
D. The Estates General
Q7. What was the Estates General renamed after being elected by the body of active citizens?
A. The National Assembly
B. The Legislative Assembly
C. The Convention
D. The Directory
Q8. What was the mission and destiny of the French nation as declared by the revolutionaries?
A. To conquer Europe
B. To conquer Asia
C. To liberate Europe
D. To liberate the people of Europe
Q9. What did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more rational and efficient?
A. The Napoleonic Code
B. The Civil Code of 1804
C. The Code of Hammurabi
D. The Magna Carta
Q10. Which code established equality before the law and secured the right to property in France?
A. The Civil Code of 1804
B. The Napoleonic Code
C. The German Code
D. The Prussian Code
Q11. Which empire was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples?
A. The Ottoman Empire
B. The British Empire
C. The Habsburg Empire
D. The Russian Empire
Q12. What did the Habsburg Empire include?
A. Germany and Italy
B. France and Spain
C. Austria and Hungary
D. England and Scotland
Q13. What was the dominant class on the continent socially and politically?
A. The bourgeoisie
B. The aristocracy
C. The clergy
D. The middle class
Q14. Which language did the aristocracy in Europe speak for purposes of diplomacy and in high society?
A. English
B. French
C. German
D. Italian
Q15. What characterised the pattern of landholding in Eastern and Central Europe?
A. Small farms
B. Large estates
C. Collective farms
D. Serfdom
Q16. Which new social groups came into being in Western and Central Europe during the nineteenth century?
A. Merchants and artisans
B. Industrial workers and peasants
C. Nobles and clergy
D. Industrialists and professionals
Q17. What was the ideology of liberalism associated with in early nineteenth-century Europe?
A. Conservatism
B. Liberalism
C. Nationalism
D. Imperialism
Q18. What does the term 'liberalism' derive from?
A. Latin
B. Greek
C. French
D. German
Q19. What did liberalism stand for the new middle classes?
A. Equality and justice
B. Freedom for the individual
C. State control of property
D. Free press
Q20. What marked the first political experiment in liberal democracy?
A. The American Revolution
B. The French Revolution
C. The Industrial Revolution
D. The Russian Revolution
Q21. What stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges?
A. Feudalism
B. Monarchy
C. Serfdom
D. Napoleon
Q22. Who were excluded from political rights in revolutionary France?
A. Property-owning men
B. Women and children
C. All men
D. All citizens
Q23. What did the Napoleonic Code reduce women to?
A. Legal adults
B. Full citizens
C. Voting members
D. Minor citizens
Q24. What did liberalism stand for in the economic sphere?
A. State control of trade
B. Regulation of industries
C. A free market
D. Agricultural subsidies
Q25. What was formed at the initiative of Prussia in 1834?
A. The German Confederation
B. The Zollverein
C. The Frankfurt Assembly
D. The Vienna Congress
Q26. What did the Zollverein do?
A. Imposed tariffs
B. Abolished tariffs
C. Increased tariffs
D. Reduced tariffs
Q27. What did Friedrich List hope to achieve through economic measures?
A. Political unity
B. Economic dominance
C. National unity
D. Cultural unity
Q28. What did the conservatives believe?
A. Revolution
B. Modernisation
C. Industrialisation
D. Restoration
Q29. Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
A. King Louis XVI
B. Duke Metternich
C. Napoleon
D. Czar Alexander I
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