English 
Hindi 
Mathematics 
Environment 
EVS 
Science 
Economics 
Geography 
History 
Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 – People as Resource
Class 9 Economics
Last Updated: 15 April 2026
Share on WhatsAppChapter Introduction
हिंदी में (Hindi)
Watch Video Lecture
Important Points
🕐 Coming Soon
Important points for this chapter will be added shortly. Check back soon!
Practice MCQ Questions (27 questions)
Q1. What is meant by 'People as Resource'?
✓ Correct Answer: D
Q2. What turns population into human capital?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q3. Which statement is true about human capital?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q4. What is the result of investing in human capital?
✓ Correct Answer: D
Q5. Who are considered 'human resources'?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Get all 27 MCQ questions + more!
Download the Genius Mind app for unlimited practice, mock tests & video lectures.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
🕐 Coming Soon
FAQs for this chapter will be added soon. Stay tuned!
Tough Words (Glossary)
asset
Meaning: Something valuable that can help produce income or benefits.
अर्थ: संपत्ति; मूल्यवान वस्तु जो लाभ दे।
"Education is an asset for both individuals and the economy."
liability
Meaning: Something that causes problems or a disadvantage; an obligation to pay.
अर्थ: देयता; बोझ या भुगतान की बाध्यता।
"Untreated illness can become a liability for workers."
human capital
Meaning: Skills, knowledge and health that people possess which increase productivity.
अर्थ: मानव पूँजी; लोगों का कौशल, ज्ञान और स्वास्थ्य जो उत्पादकता बढ़ाए।
"Training nurses builds human capital in health services."
investment
Meaning: Spending money or resources to gain future benefits.
अर्थ: निवेश; भविष्य के लाभ के लिए संसाधन खर्च करना।
"The government increased investment in schools."
embodied
Meaning: Contained within or represented by something.
अर्थ: अंतर्निहित/अभिव्यक्त; किसी में निहित।
"Skills are embodied in the workforce."
productive
Meaning: Able to produce large amounts; effective.
अर्थ: उत्पादक; अधिक उत्पादन करने वाला।
"Healthy farmers are more productive during harvest."
Gross National Product (GNP)
Meaning: Total value of goods and services produced by a country's residents in a year.
अर्थ: सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद; देश के निवासियों द्वारा वर्ष में उत्पादित कुल वस्तु‑सेवा का मूल्य।
"Educated workers help raise the Gross National Product."
overlooked
Meaning: Not noticed or considered.
अर्थ: अनदेखा; ध्यान न दिया गया।
"The positive role of population is often overlooked."
human capital formation
Meaning: Process of increasing human capital through education, training, and health.
अर्थ: मानव पूँजी निर्माण; शिक्षा, प्रशिक्षण और स्वास्थ्य से मानव पूँजी बढ़ाने की प्रक्रिया।
"Scholarships support human capital formation."
return
Meaning: The profit or benefit received from an investment.
अर्थ: प्रतिफल; निवेश से प्राप्त लाभ।
"Better skills give a higher return to students."
productivity
Meaning: The rate of output per unit of input.
अर्थ: उत्पादकता; प्रति इकाई इनपुट पर उत्पादन।
"Computer training increased the firm’s productivity."
vigour
Meaning: Physical strength or energy; enthusiasm.
अर्थ: जोश/उत्साह; शारीरिक/मानसिक ऊर्जा।
"She studied with great vigour and focus."
enthusiasm
Meaning: Strong excitement and active interest.
अर्थ: उत्साह; प्रबल रुचि।
"The class showed enthusiasm for the project."
acknowledge
Meaning: To accept or recognize something.
अर्थ: स्वीकार करना/मान्यता देना।
"The manager acknowledged his excellent work."
promotion
Meaning: A move to a higher position or rank.
अर्थ: पदोन्नति; ऊँचे पद पर उन्नति।
"Her hard work earned her a promotion."
arthritis
Meaning: A disease causing painful inflammation of the joints.
अर्थ: गठिया; जोड़ों की सूजन और दर्द वाली बीमारी।
"Vilas could not work long hours because of arthritis."
meagre
Meaning: Small in amount; inadequate.
अर्थ: अल्प/न्यून; अपर्याप्त।
"He survived on a meagre income."
nutrition
Meaning: The process of getting food necessary for health and growth.
अर्थ: पोषण; स्वास्थ्य और विकास के लिए आवश्यक आहार।
"Good nutrition helps children learn better."
hygiene
Meaning: Practices that help maintain health and prevent disease.
अर्थ: स्वच्छता; स्वास्थ्य बनाए रखने की आदतें।
"Handwashing is a basic hygiene habit."
virtuous cycle
Meaning: A chain of events that reinforces positive outcomes.
अर्थ: सद्गुण चक्र; सकारात्मक परिणामों को मज़बूत करने वाली घटनाओं की कड़ी।
"Educated parents create a virtuous cycle for their children."
vicious cycle
Meaning: A chain of events that reinforces negative outcomes.
अर्थ: दुष्चक्र; नकारात्मक परिणामों को बढ़ाने वाली कड़ी।
"Poverty and illiteracy often create a vicious cycle."
efficient
Meaning: Working well and not wasting time or resources.
अर्थ: कुशल; समय और संसाधन बचाकर काम करने वाला।
"Efficient workers finish tasks on time."
technology
Meaning: Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
अर्थ: प्रौद्योगिकी; वैज्ञानिक ज्ञान का व्यावहारिक उपयोग।
"New technology improved crop yields."
primary sector
Meaning: Part of the economy that extracts natural resources.
अर्थ: प्राथमिक क्षेत्र; प्राकृतिक संसाधन निकालने वाला क्षेत्र।
"Farming is in the primary sector."
secondary sector
Meaning: Part of the economy that manufactures goods.
अर्थ: द्वितीयक क्षेत्र; वस्तुओं का निर्माण करने वाला क्षेत्र।
"Textile factories belong to the secondary sector."
tertiary sector
Meaning: Part of the economy that provides services.
अर्थ: तृतीयक क्षेत्र; सेवाएँ प्रदान करने वाला क्षेत्र।
"Banking is in the tertiary sector."
remuneration
Meaning: Payment received for work or services.
अर्थ: प्रतिवेतन/मानदेय; कार्य का भुगतान।
"Market activities involve remuneration."
non‑market activities
Meaning: Production for self‑consumption, not for sale.
अर्थ: अबाज़ार गतिविधियाँ; आत्म‑उपभोग के लिए उत्पादन।
"Cooking for the family is a non‑market activity."
domestic chores
Meaning: Everyday tasks done at home.
अर्थ: घरेलू काम‑काज; रोज़ के घरेलू कार्य।
"She balances her job and domestic chores."
determinant
Meaning: A factor that strongly influences an outcome.
अर्थ: निर्धारक; जो परिणाम को प्रभावित करे।
"Education is a key determinant of wages."
job security
Meaning: Protection against loss of employment.
अर्थ: नौकरी सुरक्षा; रोजगार खोने से सुरक्षा।
"Informal workers usually lack job security."
social security
Meaning: Government or employer support for people in need.
अर्थ: सामाजिक सुरक्षा; ज़रूरतमंदों के लिए सहायता व्यवस्था।
"Maternity leave is part of social security."
life expectancy
Meaning: Average number of years a person is expected to live.
अर्थ: आयु प्रत्याशा; औसत जीवन वर्षों की अपेक्षा।
"Better healthcare raises life expectancy."
aspiration
Meaning: A strong desire to achieve something.
अर्थ: आकांक्षा; कुछ हासिल करने की प्रबल इच्छा।
"Education broadened his aspiration to innovate."
horizon
Meaning: Limit of knowledge or experience; range of interest.
अर्थ: क्षितिज/दायरा; ज्ञान या अनुभव की सीमा।
"College opened a new horizon for her career."
governance
Meaning: The act or manner of governing.
अर्थ: सुशासन/प्रशासन; शासन करने की प्रक्रिया।
"Good governance improves public services."
universalisation
Meaning: Making something available to all people.
अर्थ: सार्वभौमीकरण; सबके लिए उपलब्ध कराना।
"Universalisation of schooling reduces illiteracy."
enrolment
Meaning: The act of entering or registering in a course or school.
अर्थ: नामांकन; पाठ्यक्रम/विद्यालय में पंजीकरण।
"Scholarships increased girls’ enrolment."
dropout
Meaning: A person who leaves school before finishing.
अर्थ: ड्रॉप‑आउट/पढ़ाई छोड़ने वाला।
"The mid‑day meal reduced dropout rates."
vocational
Meaning: Relating to skills for a particular job or trade.
अर्थ: व्यावसायिक; विशेष कार्य/कौशल से संबंधित।
"He joined a vocational course in electronics."
infrastructure
Meaning: Basic systems like roads, power, schools needed for a society.
अर्थ: बुनियादी ढांचा; सड़क, बिजली, स्कूल जैसी मूल व्यवस्थाएँ।
"Health infrastructure expanded in rural areas."
indispensable
Meaning: Absolutely necessary; essential.
अर्थ: अनिवार्य; अत्यंत आवश्यक।
"Health is indispensable for productivity."
underprivileged
Meaning: Having fewer advantages and opportunities.
अर्थ: वंचित; कम अवसरों वाला।
"Clinics focus on underprivileged families."
workforce
Meaning: All people engaged in or available for work.
अर्थ: श्रमबल/कार्यबल; काम करने वाले लोग।
"The workforce participation of women is rising."
seasonal unemployment
Meaning: Joblessness that occurs at certain times of the year.
अर्थ: मौसमी बेरोज़गारी; साल के कुछ समय की बेरोज़गारी।
"Farmers face seasonal unemployment after harvest."
disguised unemployment
Meaning: More workers employed than needed, so some add no output.
अर्थ: आवृत बेरोज़गारी; ज़रूरत से अधिक कामगार, जिनसे उत्पादन नहीं बढ़ता।
"Eight people worked on a plot that needed five—classic disguised unemployment."
educated unemployment
Meaning: Joblessness among people with formal qualifications.
अर्थ: शिक्षित बेरोज़गारी; औपचारिक डिग्री वालों की बेरोज़गारी।
"Cities report rising educated unemployment."
paradoxical
Meaning: Seemingly contradictory but possibly true.
अर्थ: विरोधाभासी; दिखने में परस्पर विरोधी।
"There is a paradoxical mix of surplus and shortage of skills."
manpower
Meaning: People available for work; workforce.
अर्थ: मानव‑बल; कार्य के लिए उपलब्ध लोग।
"Manpower planning helps reduce skill gaps."
subsistence
Meaning: A minimal level needed to sustain life.
अर्थ: जीविका/न्यूनतम निर्वाह; जीवन चलाने का न्यून स्तर।
"Many families live at subsistence level incomes."
biotechnology
Meaning: Use of living systems and organisms to develop products.
अर्थ: जैव‑प्रौद्योगिकी; जीवों का उपयोग कर उत्पाद बनाना।
"Biotechnology created new jobs in the tertiary sector."
information technology
Meaning: Use of computers to store, retrieve, and send information.
अर्थ: सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी; कंप्यूटर के माध्यम से सूचना का प्रबंधन।
"Information technology boosts service efficiency."