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Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 9 – From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments
Class 7 Social Science
Last Updated: 31 May 2026
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हिंदी में (Hindi)
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Important Points
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Practice MCQ Questions (50 questions)
Q1. According to Kauṭilya’s Arthaśhāstra, what are the three duties of a ruler?
✓ Correct Answer: A
Q2. What is the primary function of the legislature in a government?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q3. Which of these is not a role of government?
✓ Correct Answer: C
Q4. In a democracy, where does the government’s authority come from?
✓ Correct Answer: C
Q5. What is direct democracy?
✓ Correct Answer: B
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
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Tough Words (Glossary)
Administration
Meaning: The management of an organization or government
अर्थ: प्रशासन
"Good administration keeps the country running smoothly."
Aggression
Meaning: A forceful attack or hostile action
अर्थ: आक्रामकता
"The army protected the state from external aggression."
Welfare
Meaning: Health, happiness, and prosperity of people
अर्थ: कल्याण
"The government works for the welfare of its citizens."
Democracy
Meaning: A system where people elect their representatives to govern
अर्थ: लोकतंत्र
"India is the world’s largest democracy."
Authority
Meaning: Power or right to give orders and enforce rules
अर्थ: अधिकार
"The police have the authority to maintain law and order."
Representative
Meaning: A person chosen to act or speak for others
अर्थ: प्रतिनिधि
"She is the class representative."
Committee
Meaning: A group of people appointed for a task
अर्थ: समिति
"The school formed a student committee."
Implementation
Meaning: The act of putting a plan or law into effect
अर्थ: कार्यान्वयन
"The new rules are under implementation."
Legislative
Meaning: Related to making laws
अर्थ: विधायी
"The legislative body passed the bill."
Executive
Meaning: The branch of government that enforces laws
अर्थ: कार्यपालिका
"The executive ensures that laws are followed."
Judicial
Meaning: Related to courts and justice
अर्थ: न्यायिक
"The judicial system protects citizens’ rights."
Stability
Meaning: The state of being steady and not changing
अर्थ: स्थिरता
"Political stability helps economic growth."
Security
Meaning: Safety from harm or danger
अर्थ: सुरक्षा
"The army provides security to the nation."
Diplomacy
Meaning: Managing relations between countries
अर्थ: कूटनीति
"India follows a policy of peace through diplomacy."
Constitution
Meaning: A set of fundamental rules of a country
अर्थ: संविधान
"The Constitution of India came into effect in 1950."
Monarchy
Meaning: A government ruled by a king or queen
अर्थ: राजतंत्र
"Britain has a constitutional monarchy."
Republic
Meaning: A government where the head of state is elected
अर्थ: गणराज्य
"India is a republic."
Fundamental
Meaning: Basic and essential
अर्थ: मौलिक
"Education is a fundamental right in India."
Franchise
Meaning: The right to vote in elections
अर्थ: मताधिकार
"Universal adult franchise exists in India."
Equality
Meaning: Being treated the same as others
अर्थ: समानता
"The Constitution provides equality for all."
Freedom
Meaning: The right to act or speak without restrictions
अर्थ: स्वतंत्रता
"Freedom of speech is guaranteed in India."
Participation
Meaning: Taking part in something
अर्थ: भागीदारी
"Voter participation was high in the elections."
Universal
Meaning: Applicable to all
अर्थ: सार्वभौमिक
"Education is a universal right."
Judiciary
Meaning: The system of courts of law
अर्थ: न्यायपालिका
"The judiciary ensures justice."
Accountable
Meaning: Responsible for actions and decisions
अर्थ: जवाबदेह
"The government is accountable to the people."
Elections
Meaning: A process of choosing leaders by voting
अर्थ: चुनाव
"Elections are held every five years."
Confidence
Meaning: Trust in someone’s ability
अर्थ: विश्वास
"The ministers work as long as they have the confidence of the parliament."
Separation
Meaning: Keeping different functions apart
अर्थ: विभाजन
"Separation of powers is important in democracy."
Parliamentary
Meaning: Related to parliament
अर्थ: संसदीय
"India has a parliamentary system of government."
Presidential
Meaning: Related to the president
अर्थ: राष्ट्रपति संबंधी
"The USA has a presidential system of government."
Merit
Meaning: Quality of being good and deserving
अर्थ: योग्यता
"The job was given on merit."
Corruption
Meaning: Dishonest or illegal behavior for personal gain
अर्थ: भ्रष्टाचार
"Corruption is a hurdle in development."
Dictatorship
Meaning: Government by one person with absolute power
अर्थ: तानाशाही
"North Korea has a dictatorship."
Oligarchy
Meaning: Government by a small group of powerful people
अर्थ: अल्पतंत्र
"Some countries show signs of oligarchy."
Theocracy
Meaning: Government based on religion and religious leaders
अर्थ: धर्मतंत्र
"Iran has elements of theocracy in its government."
Absolute
Meaning: Complete and total
अर्थ: पूर्ण
"The king had absolute power."
Constitutional
Meaning: Controlled or limited by a constitution
अर्थ: संवैधानिक
"The UK has a constitutional monarchy."
Prosperity
Meaning: Success and wealth
अर्थ: समृद्धि
"The government works for peace and prosperity."
Violation
Meaning: Breaking a law or rule
अर्थ: उल्लंघन
"Driving fast is a violation of traffic rules."
Sovereign
Meaning: Having full control and independence
अर्थ: सर्वभौम
"India is a sovereign nation."
Erosion
Meaning: Gradual destruction or weakening
अर्थ: क्षरण
"Corruption leads to erosion of democracy."
Manipulation
Meaning: Controlling something in an unfair way
अर्थ: हेरफेर
"The dictator manipulated information channels."
Disparity
Meaning: A great difference
अर्थ: असमानता
"There is economic disparity in the country."
Hereditary
Meaning: Passed down from parent to child
अर्थ: वंशानुगत
"Kingship was often hereditary."
Bias
Meaning: Preference for one side unfairly
अर्थ: पक्षपात
"The judge must not show bias."
Privilege
Meaning: A special right available to only some people
अर्थ: विशेषाधिकार
"Education was once a privilege of the rich."
Subjugate
Meaning: To control and dominate others
अर्थ: वश में करना
"The king tried to subjugate his people."
Nominal
Meaning: Existing in name only, not real
अर्थ: नाममात्र
"The queen has only nominal power."
Suppression
Meaning: Forcibly putting an end to something
अर्थ: दमन
"The dictatorship was marked by suppression of rights."
Opposition
Meaning: Resistance or disagreement
अर्थ: विरोध
"The opposition parties questioned the government."
Holocaust
Meaning: Mass killing, especially of Jews in World War II
अर्थ: यहूदियों का नरसंहार
"Millions died in the Holocaust."
Vigilant
Meaning: Carefully watching for danger or problems
अर्थ: सतर्क
"Citizens must remain vigilant in a democracy."
Accountability
Meaning: Being answerable for actions
अर्थ: जवाबदेही
"Accountability ensures transparency in government."
Transparency
Meaning: Openness and honesty in actions
अर्थ: पारदर्शिता
"Transparency is vital in democracy."
Integration
Meaning: The act of combining things into a whole
अर्थ: एकीकरण
"National integration brings unity."
Discipline
Meaning: Controlled behavior
अर्थ: अनुशासन
"The army maintains strict discipline."
Liberty
Meaning: Freedom to act or think as one wishes
अर्थ: स्वतंत्रता
"Liberty is a core principle of democracy."