Which of these is an example of divisibility problem?

Cutting an ox to exchange for a sweater

Comparing price of wheat and rice

What is the main purpose of money?

To work as a medium of exchange

Which barter example is still common in India?

Exchange of old clothes for utensils

Which problem did the farmer face with ox exchange?

Double coincidence, divisibility, portability, durability

What does durability ensure in money?

It can be stored for long without damage

Which barter issue does portability refer to?

Carrying goods easily for exchange

How did coinage improve trade?

Standardized value and improved portability

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 11 – From Barter to Money

Name: From Barter to Money – Class 7 Social Science
Uploaded: 2026-05-31
Description: The barter system was the earliest form of trade, but its limitations led to the invention of money. Over time, money evolved from shells and coins to paper currency and digital payments, making exchanges easier and more efficient.

Class 7 Social Science

Last Updated: 31 May 2026

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Chapter Introduction

The barter system was the earliest form of trade, but its limitations led to the invention of money. Over time, money evolved from shells and coins to paper currency and digital payments, making exchanges easier and more efficient.

हिंदी में (Hindi)

बार्टर प्रणाली व्यापार का सबसे प्रारंभिक रूप थी, लेकिन इसकी सीमाओं के कारण मुद्रा का आविष्कार हुआ। समय के साथ, मुद्रा शंख और सिक्कों से कागजी नोट और डिजिटल भुगतान तक विकसित हुई, जिससे लेन-देन सरल और प्रभावी हो गया।

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Important Points

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Practice MCQ Questions (48 questions)

Q1. Who said 'The importance of money flows from it being a link between the present and the future'?

Q2. What was the earliest system of exchange called?

Q3. In barter system, exchange depends on what?

Q4. Which of these was NOT commonly used as barter commodity?

Q5. Which Pacific island used Rai stones as money?

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Tough Words (Glossary)

Barter

Meaning: System of exchange where goods/services are traded without money

अर्थ: विनिमय - वस्तुओं/सेवाओं का लेन-देन बिना पैसे के

"In ancient times, people used the barter system to exchange goods."

Transaction

Meaning: An act of buying or selling something

अर्थ: लेन-देन - कुछ खरीदने या बेचने की क्रिया

"Online transactions are common nowadays."

Commodity

Meaning: A product that can be bought and sold

अर्थ: वस्तु - खरीदी और बेची जाने वाली वस्तु

"Salt was once a valuable commodity."

Durability

Meaning: Ability to last for a long time without getting damaged

अर्थ: टिकाऊपन - लंबे समय तक बिना खराब हुए टिकने की क्षमता

"Gold has great durability compared to other metals."

Portability

Meaning: Easy to carry or move

अर्थ: सुवाह्यता - आसानी से ले जाने योग्य

"Paper money improved the portability of wealth."

Divisibility

Meaning: Ability to divide into smaller parts for exchange

अर्थ: विभाज्यता - छोटे भागों में बाँटने की क्षमता

"Coins provide better divisibility than cattle."

Coinage

Meaning: The system of making and using coins

अर्थ: मुद्रण - सिक्कों को बनाने और उपयोग करने की प्रणाली

"Ancient kings introduced their own coinage."

Currency

Meaning: System of money in a country

अर्थ: मुद्रा - किसी देश में प्रयोग होने वाला धन

"The Indian currency is called Rupee."

Denomination

Meaning: The face value of a coin or note

अर्थ: मूल्य वर्ग - नोट या सिक्के का अंकित मूल्य

"This note is of ₹500 denomination."

Alloy

Meaning: Mixture of metals

अर्थ: मिश्रधातु - धातुओं का मिश्रण

"Coins are made of different alloys."

Minting

Meaning: The process of making coins

अर्थ: टकसाल - सिक्के बनाने की प्रक्रिया

"The government is responsible for minting coins."

Obverse

Meaning: The front side of a coin (usually with head/symbol)

अर्थ: अग्र भाग - सिक्के का सामने का हिस्सा

"The obverse of this coin shows a king’s face."

Reverse

Meaning: The back side of a coin

अर्थ: पृष्ठ भाग - सिक्के का पीछे का हिस्सा

"The reverse of the coin has a national emblem."

Motif

Meaning: A design or pattern

अर्थ: आकृति - डिजाइन या पैटर्न

"Ancient coins had motifs of animals and gods."

Digital Money

Meaning: Money in electronic form

अर्थ: डिजिटल मुद्रा - इलेक्ट्रॉनिक रूप में पैसा

"People use digital money for online shopping."

UPI

Meaning: Unified Payments Interface, an instant payment system in India

अर्थ: यूपीआई - भारत की तत्काल भुगतान प्रणाली

"I paid my bill using UPI."

Deferred Payment

Meaning: Payment made at a later time

अर्थ: स्थगित भुगतान - बाद में किया गया भुगतान

"Buying on credit is an example of deferred payment."

Store of Value

Meaning: Ability of money to hold value over time

अर्थ: मूल्य संग्रह - समय के साथ मूल्य बनाए रखने की क्षमता

"Money acts as a store of value."

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 11 – From Barter to Money

Chapter Introduction

Watch Video Lecture

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Important Points

Practice MCQ Questions (48 questions)

Q1. Who said 'The importance of money flows from it being a link between the present and the future'?

Q2. What was the earliest system of exchange called?

Q3. In barter system, exchange depends on what?

Q4. Which of these was NOT commonly used as barter commodity?

Q5. Which Pacific island used Rai stones as money?

Q6. Aztec copper Tajadero was used as money in which region?

Q7. Tevau (Red feather coil) was used as money in?

Q8. What is the main problem in barter when two people do not need each other’s goods?

Q9. What is the problem when there is no common measure of value?

Q10. Which of these is an example of divisibility problem?

Q11. What does durability problem refer to?

Q12. Which fair in Assam still uses barter system?

Q13. Junbeel Mela begins with which ritual?

Q14. Book exchange is an example of what?

Q15. What is the main purpose of money?

Q16. Money allows what type of payments?

Q17. Who controlled coin minting in ancient times?

Q18. What were ancient Indian coins called?

Q19. What image was found on Chalukya coins?

Q20. What did Chola coins feature?

Q21. What was one anna equal to in rupee value?

Q22. Which year adopted the ₹ sign officially?

Q23. Who designed the ₹ symbol?

Q24. What do the two horizontal stripes in ₹ symbol represent?

Q25. Why was paper money introduced?

Q26. Which country first used paper money?

Q27. When was paper money introduced in India?

Q28. Who has authority to issue currency in India?

Q29. What is digital money?

Q30. Which of these is NOT a digital payment method?

Q31. Which technology allows direct transfer between bank accounts?

Q32. Which barter example is still common in India?

Q33. Money acts as what for storing value?

Q34. What is one key limitation of storing wheat instead of money?

Q35. Modern coins are made mainly of?

Q36. Which sector benefited from coinage in India historically?

Q37. What do symbols on coins often represent?

Q38. What does QR code payment avoid?

Q39. What was exchanged at Junbeel Mela traditionally?

Q40. Which problem did the farmer face with ox exchange?

Q41. What is an advantage of digital money?

Q42. Which ancient coin showed Roman origin found in India?

Q43. What does deferred payment mean?

Q44. What does durability ensure in money?

Q45. Which barter issue does portability refer to?

Q46. What is the current official currency symbol of India?

Q47. How did coinage improve trade?

Q48. What inspired money creation historically?