What is a challenge that democracies face in reducing economic inequalities?

Complete elimination of poverty

Permanent elimination of inequality

What is one of the primary advantages of democracy mentioned in the text?

Promotes equality among citizens

Enhances the dignity of the individual

Which mechanism is crucial for holding a democratic government accountable?

Regular, free, and fair elections

Why might democratic governments take longer to make decisions?

Due to procedures and deliberation

How does the rate of economic growth compare between democracies and dictatorships?

Dictatorships have higher growth

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Political Science Chapter 5 – Outcomes of Democracy

Name: Outcomes of Democracy – Class 10 Political Science
Uploaded: 2026-04-15
Description: Democracy ensures accountable and legitimate government, respects individual dignity and freedom, and accommodates social diversity. While it may not always deliver fast decisions, economic equality, or perfect development, it allows citizens to participate, debate, and demand better governance, making it superior to non-democratic regimes.

Class 10 Political Science

Last Updated: 15 April 2026

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Chapter Introduction

Democracy ensures accountable and legitimate government, respects individual dignity and freedom, and accommodates social diversity. While it may not always deliver fast decisions, economic equality, or perfect development, it allows citizens to participate, debate, and demand better governance, making it superior to non-democratic regimes.

हिंदी में (Hindi)

लोकतंत्र जवाबदेह और वैध सरकार सुनिश्चित करता है, व्यक्तिगत गरिमा और स्वतंत्रता का सम्मान करता है और सामाजिक विविधता को स्वीकार करता है। यह हमेशा तेज़ निर्णय, आर्थिक समानता या पूर्ण विकास नहीं दे पाता, लेकिन नागरिकों को भाग लेने, बहस करने और बेहतर शासन की मांग करने का अवसर देता है, जो इसे गैर-लोकतांत्रिक शासन से श्रेष्ठ बनाता है।

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Important Points

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Practice MCQ Questions (59 questions)

Q1. What form of government allows citizens to have the right to choose their rulers?

Q2. Which characteristic is essential for a government to be considered democratic?

Q3. What do citizens expect from a democratic government in terms of responsiveness?

Q4. Which feature distinguishes democracy from other forms of government?

Q5. What is the primary method through which citizens participate in a democracy?

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Tough Words (Glossary)

Democracy

Meaning: A system where people elect their rulers

अर्थ: जनता द्वारा चुनी हुई सरकार की व्यवस्था

"Democracy lets citizens choose their leaders."

Dictatorship

Meaning: Rule by one person or a small group with absolute power

अर्थ: एक व्यक्ति या छोटे समूह द्वारा पूर्ण सत्ता का शासन

"A dictatorship does not allow free elections."

Dignity

Meaning: The state of being worthy of honor and respect

अर्थ: सम्मान और आदर का अधिकार

"Every person deserves dignity in a democracy."

Deliberation

Meaning: Careful thought and discussion before a decision

अर्थ: निर्णय से पहले सोच-समझकर चर्चा

"Laws are made after public deliberation."

Negotiation

Meaning: Talks to reach an agreement

अर्थ: समझौते तक पहुँचने के लिए बातचीत

"Negotiation helps resolve conflicts peacefully."

Accountable

Meaning: Responsible and answerable for actions

अर्थ: जवाबदेह और उत्तरदायी

"Ministers are accountable to the legislature."

Responsive

Meaning: Reacting quickly and positively to needs

अर्थ: ज़रूरतों पर तुरन्त और सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया देने वाला

"A responsive government hears citizens’ problems."

Legitimate

Meaning: Lawful and accepted as rightful

अर्थ: वैध और सही माना गया

"Free elections make a government legitimate."

Transparency

Meaning: Openness so that actions can be seen and checked

अर्थ: पारदर्शिता ताकि काम को देखा और जाँचा जा सके

"RTI increases transparency in governance."

Procedure

Meaning: Official steps followed to do something

अर्थ: किसी काम के लिए तय औपचारिक कदम

"Decisions must follow legal procedures."

Institution

Meaning: An established system or organization

अर्थ: स्थापित व्यवस्था या संस्था

"Elections are key democratic institutions."

Legislation

Meaning: Laws made by a legislature

अर्थ: विधानमंडल द्वारा बनाए गए कानून

"New legislation protects consumer rights."

Regime

Meaning: A form or system of government

अर्थ: शासन व्यवस्था

"The regime changed after the election."

Corruption

Meaning: Dishonest use of power for personal gain

अर्थ: व्यक्तिगत लाभ के लिए सत्ता का दुरुपयोग

"Corruption weakens public trust."

Inequality

Meaning: Unequal treatment or distribution

अर्थ: असमानता या असमान बँटवारा

"Democracy works to reduce inequality."

Disparity

Meaning: A great difference, especially unfair one

अर्थ: बड़ा और अक्सर अनुचित अंतर

"Income disparity is a major challenge."

Economic Development

Meaning: Growth in income and production over time

अर्थ: समय के साथ आय और उत्पादन में बढ़ोतरी

"Education supports economic development."

Prudential

Meaning: Based on practical wisdom and careful judgment

अर्थ: व्यावहारिक बुद्धि और सावधान निर्णय पर आधारित

"There are prudential reasons to prefer democracy."

Accommodate

Meaning: To make room for; to adjust to differences

अर्थ: समायोजित करना; जगह देना

"Democracies accommodate social diversity."

Harmonious

Meaning: Peaceful and cooperative

अर्थ: सौहार्दपूर्ण और सहयोगी

"Citizens hope for a harmonious society."

Majority

Meaning: More than half of the total

अर्थ: कुल का आधे से अधिक भाग

"The majority supported the new policy."

Minority

Meaning: A smaller part of the whole

अर्थ: अल्पसंख्यक भाग

"Minority rights must be protected."

Suppression

Meaning: Forcible control or stopping of something

अर्थ: दमन या जबरन रोक

"Suppression of debate hurts democracy."

Social Division

Meaning: Separation of society into different groups

अर्थ: समाज का विभिन्न समूहों में बँटना

"Politics must manage social divisions fairly."

Conflict

Meaning: Serious disagreement or argument

अर्थ: टकराव या गंभीर मतभेद

"Dialogue can prevent conflict from growing."

Participation

Meaning: Taking part in something

अर्थ: भागीदारी

"Voter participation is vital in elections."

Representation

Meaning: Having someone speak or act for others

अर्थ: प्रतिनिधित्व

"Women’s representation has increased locally."

Electorate

Meaning: All people who are eligible to vote

अर्थ: मतदाता समुदाय

"The electorate showed strong interest this year."

Redistribution

Meaning: Sharing resources more fairly

अर्थ: संसाधनों का अधिक न्यायपूर्ण बँटवारा

"Tax policies can aid redistribution."

Poverty

Meaning: State of being extremely poor

अर्थ: गरीबी की स्थिति

"Poverty reduction is a key goal of policy."

Ultra-rich

Meaning: Extremely wealthy people

अर्थ: अति-धनी लोग

"Policies must not favor only the ultra-rich."

Disproportionate

Meaning: Too large or too small compared to something

अर्थ: असम अनुपात में; अनुपातहीन

"The top income has a disproportionate share."

Outcome

Meaning: Result or effect of an action

अर्थ: परिणाम

"We study the outcomes of democracy."

Governance

Meaning: The way a country is managed

अर्थ: शासन-प्रशासन की पद्धति

"Good governance needs transparency."

Decision-making

Meaning: Choosing among options after thinking

अर्थ: निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रिया

"Public debate improves decision-making."

Resolution

Meaning: A firm decision; also, settling a problem

अर्थ: दृढ़ निर्णय; समस्या का समाधान

"Mediation led to a peaceful resolution."

Debate

Meaning: A formal discussion of opposing views

अर्थ: औपचारिक बहस

"Parliament held a debate on the budget."

Rights

Meaning: Legal and moral freedoms people have

अर्थ: अधिकार

"Citizens enjoy fundamental rights."

Constitution

Meaning: The supreme law that guides a country

अर्थ: संविधान, जो देश का सर्वोच्च कानून है

"The Constitution protects our freedoms."

Autonomy

Meaning: The right to self-govern or act independently

अर्थ: स्वायत्तता; स्वतंत्र रूप से निर्णय का अधिकार

"Local bodies need financial autonomy."

Efficiency

Meaning: Doing things well with little waste

अर्थ: कुशलता; कम संसाधनों में अच्छा काम

"Efficiency matters in public services."

Effectiveness

Meaning: Producing the desired result

अर्थ: प्रभावशीलता; अपेक्षित परिणाम देना

"Policy effectiveness depends on execution."

Implementation

Meaning: Putting a plan or law into action

अर्थ: क्रियान्वयन; अमल में लाना

"Implementation of schemes must be monitored."

Acceptable

Meaning: Able to be agreed on or approved

अर्थ: स्वीकार्य; जिसे माना जा सके

"The proposal became acceptable after changes."

Inclusive

Meaning: Including all groups fairly

अर्थ: समावेशी; सभी समूहों को शामिल करने वाला

"Inclusive growth benefits everyone."

Diversity

Meaning: Variety of different forms or groups

अर्थ: विविधता

"India’s diversity is a democratic strength."

Discrimination

Meaning: Unfair treatment of people

अर्थ: भेदभाव; अनुचित व्यवहार

"Laws forbid discrimination by caste or religion."

Atrocity

Meaning: An extremely cruel or violent act

अर्थ: अत्याचार; क्रूर कर्म

"Atrocity cases must be punished quickly."

Subordination

Meaning: Being placed in a lower position

अर्थ: अधीनता; नीचे की स्थिति

"Democracy challenges social subordination."

Domination

Meaning: Control by one group over others

अर्थ: वर्चस्व; प्रभुत्व

"Democracy resists domination by any one group."

Aspiration

Meaning: A strong hope or aim

अर्थ: आकांक्षा; प्रबल लक्ष्य

"Young citizens have aspirations for justice."

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Political Science Chapter 5 – Outcomes of Democracy

Chapter Introduction

Watch Video Lecture

Important Points

Practice MCQ Questions (59 questions)

Q1. What form of government allows citizens to have the right to choose their rulers?

Q2. Which characteristic is essential for a government to be considered democratic?

Q3. What do citizens expect from a democratic government in terms of responsiveness?

Q4. Which feature distinguishes democracy from other forms of government?

Q5. What is the primary method through which citizens participate in a democracy?

Q6. Which term describes the principle of all individuals having equal weight in electing representatives?

Q7. What is one major advantage of democracy over dictatorship?

Q8. How does democracy ensure that decisions are more acceptable to the people?

Q9. What is one of the reasons for delays in decision-making in a democracy?

Q10. Which practice is vital for maintaining transparency in a democratic government?

Q11. What does the term 'accountability' imply in a democratic context?

Q12. Why is public debate important in a democracy?

Q13. What is a common criticism of democratic governments regarding economic performance?

Q14. Which outcome is less likely in non-democratic regimes compared to democratic regimes?

Q15. What is necessary for a democratic government to be considered legitimate?

Q16. Which institution plays a crucial role in upholding democratic principles?

Q17. Why is majority rule important in a democracy?

Q18. What is a challenge that democracies face in reducing economic inequalities?

Q19. How does democracy handle social differences?

Q20. What is the role of elections in a democracy?

Q21. Which factor contributes to the legitimacy of a democratic government?

Q22. What does 'political equality' mean in a democracy?

Q23. Why is freedom of expression important in a democracy?

Q24. What is a common expectation from democracies regarding social diversity?

Q25. What does the term 'deliberation' imply in a democratic government?

Q26. Why might democracies be considered better at conflict resolution?

Q27. How does democracy promote individual dignity?

Q28. What is a fundamental right that democracies ensure for their citizens?

Q29. What is the significance of 'rule of law' in a democracy?

Q30. How do democratic governments address the issue of corruption?

Q31. What is one of the primary advantages of democracy mentioned in the text?

Q32. Which form of government is said to be more efficient in decision-making?

Q33. What is the basic outcome of democracy?

Q34. What is transparency in the context of democracy?

Q35. Which mechanism is crucial for holding a democratic government accountable?

Q36. What is the record of democracies in setting up regular and free elections?

Q37. Why might democratic governments take longer to make decisions?

Q38. What is a common issue with the actual performance of democracies?

Q39. Which is a reasonable expectation from democracy in terms of corruption?

Q40. What is an advantage of democratic government over non-democratic government?

Q41. How does the rate of economic growth compare between democracies and dictatorships?

Q42. Which factors influence economic development besides the form of government?

Q43. What can democracies not guarantee in terms of economic development?

Q44. What does democracy ensure in terms of social diversity?

Q45. What is necessary for democracy to handle social differences effectively?

Q46. What does rule by majority mean in a democracy?

Q47. How does democracy promote dignity and freedom of the individual?

Q48. What has democracy in India strengthened in terms of caste inequalities?

Q49. What is a distinctive feature of democracy regarding examination?

Q50. What does public expression of dissatisfaction indicate in a democracy?

Q51. How does democracy transform people from subjects to citizens?

Q52. What do people believe about their vote in a democracy?

Q53. What is a common expectation from democracy in terms of equality?

Q54. What is the effect of democracy on economic inequalities?

Q55. How should conflicts among individuals be resolved according to democratic principles?

Q56. What is an important factor for the success of democratic regimes?

Q57. How are decisions made in a democracy?

Q58. What kind of government is considered legitimate by the people?

Q59. What do citizens have the right to know in a democracy?