What is the role of mucus in the stomach?

Protects stomach lining from acid

What is the word equation for respiration?

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Water + Carbon dioxide → Glucose + Oxygen

Oxygen + Nitrogen → Carbon dioxide + Water

Glucose + Water → Oxygen + Energy

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

Secretes digestive enzymes and neutralizes acid

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 9 – Life Processes in Animals

Name: Life Processes in Animals – Class 7 Science
Uploaded: 2026-05-31
Description: Life processes like nutrition, respiration, and circulation are essential for survival. Animals have adapted different digestive and breathing systems to suit their habitats. Nutrients and oxygen are transported throughout the body to release energy and sustain life.

Class 7 Science

Last Updated: 31 May 2026

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Chapter Introduction

Life processes like nutrition, respiration, and circulation are essential for survival. Animals have adapted different digestive and breathing systems to suit their habitats. Nutrients and oxygen are transported throughout the body to release energy and sustain life.

हिंदी में (Hindi)

पोषण, श्वसन और संचरण जैसी जीवन प्रक्रियाएँ जीवित रहने के लिए आवश्यक हैं। जानवरों ने अपने आवास के अनुसार अलग पाचन और श्वसन तंत्र अपनाए हैं। पोषक तत्व और ऑक्सीजन शरीर में ऊर्जा बनाने और जीवन बनाए रखने के लिए पहुँचाए जाते हैं।

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Important Points

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Practice MCQ Questions (47 questions)

Q1. What are the essential processes for survival in living beings called?

Q2. Where does the digestion of starch begin in humans?

Q3. What is the function of saliva in digestion?

Q4. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients?

Q5. What is the wave-like movement of food through the alimentary canal called?

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Tough Words (Glossary)

Digested

Meaning: Broken down by the body so it can be used

अर्थ: पचाया हुआ

"Food must be fully digested to give energy."

Nutrition

Meaning: Process of taking in and using food

अर्थ: पोषण

"Good nutrition keeps us healthy."

Respiration

Meaning: Using oxygen to break down food and release energy

अर्थ: श्वसन

"Respiration releases energy in our cells."

Excretion

Meaning: Removal of waste from the body

अर्थ: उत्सर्जन

"Excretion keeps the body clean inside."

Reproduction

Meaning: Process by which living things produce young ones

अर्थ: प्रजनन

"Reproduction helps a species continue."

Collectively

Meaning: Taken together as a group

अर्थ: सामूहिक रूप से

"These are collectively called life processes."

Nectar

Meaning: Sweet liquid in flowers

अर्थ: रस/मधु

"Bees suck nectar from flowers."

Infant

Meaning: A very young child or baby

अर्थ: शिशु

"Infants drink their mother’s milk."

Prey

Meaning: An animal hunted for food

अर्थ: शिकार

"The python swallowed its prey."

Aquatic

Meaning: Living in water

अर्थ: जलचर

"Many aquatic animals filter tiny food."

Particles

Meaning: Very small pieces

अर्थ: कण

"Fish filter tiny particles from water."

Complex

Meaning: Made of many parts; not simple

अर्थ: जटिल

"Food has complex components."

Carbohydrate

Meaning: Nutrient that gives energy, like starch and sugar

अर्थ: कार्बोहाइड्रेट

"Rice is rich in carbohydrates."

Protein

Meaning: Nutrient that builds and repairs the body

अर्थ: प्रोटीन

"Pulses give us protein."

Fat

Meaning: Nutrient that stores energy

अर्थ: वसा

"Nuts contain healthy fats."

Alimentary canal

Meaning: Long tube from mouth to anus for digestion

अर्थ: आहार नाल

"Food moves through the alimentary canal."

Anus

Meaning: Opening where waste leaves the body

अर्थ: मलद्वार

"Stool is expelled through the anus."

Secreted

Meaning: Produced and released by a gland or lining

अर्थ: स्रावित

"Digestive juices are secreted in the mouth."

Transported

Meaning: Carried from one place to another

अर्थ: परिवाहित

"Nutrients are transported by blood."

Cavity

Meaning: Hollow space; mouth space

अर्थ: गुहा

"Food first enters the mouth cavity."

Mechanical digestion

Meaning: Physical breakdown of food into small pieces

अर्थ: यांत्रिक पाचन

"Chewing does mechanical digestion."

Saliva

Meaning: Watery fluid in the mouth

अर्थ: लार/लाला

"Saliva helps digest starch."

Starch

Meaning: A carbohydrate found in foods like rice and chapati

अर्थ: स्टार्च/मंड

"Starch changes to sugar in the mouth."

Iodine

Meaning: A chemical that turns blue‑black with starch

अर्थ: आयोडीन

"Iodine shows if starch is present."

Oesophagus

Meaning: Food pipe from mouth to stomach

अर्थ: ग्रसनी/घेघा (अन्ननलिका)

"Food moves down the oesophagus."

Tongue

Meaning: Muscle in the mouth used for taste and mixing food

अर्थ: जीभ

"The tongue mixes food with saliva."

Flexible

Meaning: Easily bends or moves

अर्थ: लचीला

"The food pipe is a flexible tube."

Peristalsis

Meaning: Wave-like muscle movements pushing food forward

अर्थ: आंत्र तरंगन/पेरिस्टालसिस

"Peristalsis moves food to the stomach."

Stomach

Meaning: Organ where food is churned and digested

अर्थ: पेट/जठर

"Food is churned in the stomach."

Churn

Meaning: To mix strongly by moving around

अर्थ: मथना/घुमाकर मिलाना

"The stomach churns the food."

Mucus

Meaning: A slippery fluid that protects tissues

अर्थ: श्लेष्मा

"Mucus protects the stomach lining."

Bacteria

Meaning: Very small living organisms, some cause disease

अर्थ: बैक्टीरिया/जीवाणु

"Acid kills harmful bacteria."

Semi‑liquid

Meaning: Partly liquid and partly solid

अर्थ: अर्ध-द्रव

"Food becomes semi‑liquid in the stomach."

Small intestine

Meaning: Long tube where most digestion and absorption occur

अर्थ: छोटी आँत

"Most nutrients absorb in the small intestine."

Liver

Meaning: Organ that makes bile

अर्थ: यकृत

"The liver secretes bile."

Bile

Meaning: Greenish fluid that helps digest fats

अर्थ: पित्त

"Bile breaks fat into tiny droplets."

Neutralise

Meaning: To cancel out an acid or base

अर्थ: निष्प्रभावित करना

"Bile helps neutralise stomach acid."

Droplets

Meaning: Very small drops

अर्थ: बूंदें

"Fat forms tiny droplets for digestion."

Pancreas

Meaning: Gland that makes digestive juices and hormones

अर्थ: अग्न्याशय

"The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice."

Absorption

Meaning: Taking in digested food into the blood

अर्थ: अवशोषण

"Absorption happens in the small intestine."

Villi

Meaning: Finger‑like folds increasing surface area in intestine

अर्थ: विल्ली

"Villi help faster absorption."

Celiac disease

Meaning: Illness where gluten damages the small intestine

अर्थ: सीलिएक रोग

"People with celiac disease avoid wheat."

Gluten

Meaning: Protein in wheat, barley, and rye

अर्थ: ग्लूटेन

"Gluten can harm some people’s intestines."

Large intestine

Meaning: Wider tube that absorbs water from waste

अर्थ: बड़ी आँत

"Water is absorbed in the large intestine."

Rectum

Meaning: Lower part of large intestine storing stool

अर्थ: गुदा-आंत्र/मलाशय

"Stool is stored in the rectum."

Egestion

Meaning: Removal of undigested waste

अर्थ: मलत्याग

"Egestion happens through the anus."

Fermented

Meaning: Food changed by helpful microbes

अर्थ: खमीरित/सांद्रित (किण्वित)

"Curd is a fermented food."

Judicious

Meaning: Using good sense; wise and careful

अर्थ: विवेकपूर्ण

"Use spices in a judicious way."

Ruminant

Meaning: Grass‑eating animal that chews cud

अर्थ: जठराग्नि‑पुनर्चर्वक/जुगाली करने वाला

"Cow is a ruminant animal."

Rumination

Meaning: Bringing back food to chew again

अर्थ: जुगाली/पुनर्चर्वन

"Rumination helps cows digest grass."

Gizzard

Meaning: Muscular stomach part in birds for grinding food

अर्थ: फसल/पेषणी

"Food is ground in the gizzard."

Grit

Meaning: Small stones swallowed by birds to grind food

अर्थ: कंकर/बारीक कंकड़

"Birds use grit to crush food."

Inhale

Meaning: To breathe in

अर्थ: श्वास लेना

"We inhale oxygen‑rich air."

Exhale

Meaning: To breathe out

अर्थ: श्वास छोड़ना

"We exhale carbon dioxide."

Nostrils

Meaning: Openings of the nose

अर्थ: नथुने

"Air enters through the nostrils."

Windpipe

Meaning: Airway from throat to lungs

अर्थ: श्वासनली

"Air passes through the windpipe."

Alveoli

Meaning: Tiny air sacs in the lungs for gas exchange

अर्थ: वायुकोष

"Oxygen enters blood in the alveoli."

Rib cage

Meaning: Bones protecting the lungs and heart

अर्थ: पसली पिंजरा

"The rib cage protects our lungs."

Diaphragm

Meaning: Muscle below lungs that helps breathing

अर्थ: छाती झिल्ली/डायफ्रेम

"The diaphragm moves down on inhaling."

Inflate

Meaning: To fill with air and expand

अर्थ: फूलना/भरना

"The lungs inflate during inhalation."

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 9 – Life Processes in Animals

Chapter Introduction

Watch Video Lecture

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Important Points

Practice MCQ Questions (47 questions)

Q1. What are the essential processes for survival in living beings called?

Q2. Where does the digestion of starch begin in humans?

Q3. What is the function of saliva in digestion?

Q4. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients?

Q5. What is the wave-like movement of food through the alimentary canal called?

Q6. Which organ secretes bile to help digest fats?

Q7. What is the role of mucus in the stomach?

Q8. What is the partially digested food in the stomach called?

Q9. Which structure increases the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

Q10. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Q11. What is the process of removing undigested waste from the body called?

Q12. Which animals are known for regurgitating and re-chewing their food?

Q13. What is the chamber in birds that helps grind food?

Q14. Which gas is primarily exchanged during respiration?

Q15. What is the main function of alveoli in the lungs?

Q16. What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

Q17. Which part of the respiratory system filters dust from inhaled air?

Q18. What is the chemical process of breaking down glucose to release energy called?

Q19. What is the word equation for respiration?

Q20. Which gas turns lime water milky?

Q21. What is the primary role of the circulatory system?

Q22. Which animal breathes through gills?

Q23. How do adult frogs breathe on land?

Q24. Which animal uses its moist skin for gas exchange?

Q25. What is the term for breathing in air?

Q26. Which part of the respiratory system branches into the lungs?

Q27. What is the dome-shaped muscle below the lungs called?

Q28. Which practice improves respiratory health and relaxation?

Q29. What is the harmful effect of smoking on the lungs?

Q30. Which animal has lungs with a different structure than humans?

Q31. What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

Q32. Which nutrient is broken down into sugars by saliva?

Q33. What is the length of the small intestine in humans?

Q34. Which part of the digestive system stores stool before egestion?

Q35. What is the purpose of the rib cage in the respiratory system?

Q36. What is the name of the tiny air sacs in the lungs?

Q37. Which gas is more abundant in exhaled air than inhaled air?

Q38. What is the process of gas exchange in the alveoli called?

Q39. What is the term for breathing out air?

Q40. Which part of the respiratory system is also known as the windpipe?

Q41. Which organ pumps blood throughout the body?

Q42. What is the main waste product of respiration?

Q43. Which animal uses a gizzard to grind food?

Q44. What is the term for the back-and-forth movement of food in ruminants?

Q45. Which part of the digestive system produces hydrochloric acid?

Q46. Which gas is essential for breaking down glucose in cells?

Q47. What is the term for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the alimentary canal?