What causes sea breeze during the day?

Equal heating of land and water

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 7 – Heat Transfer in Nature

Name: Heat Transfer in Nature – Class 7 Science
Uploaded: 2026-04-15
Description: Heat in nature is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation. Solids mainly transfer heat by conduction, while liquids and gases transfer it by convection. Radiation transfers heat without a medium. The water cycle and groundwater infiltration help in conserving and redistributing water on Earth.

Class 7 Science

Last Updated: 15 April 2026

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Chapter Introduction

Heat in nature is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation. Solids mainly transfer heat by conduction, while liquids and gases transfer it by convection. Radiation transfers heat without a medium. The water cycle and groundwater infiltration help in conserving and redistributing water on Earth.

हिंदी में (Hindi)

प्रकृति में ऊष्मा संचरण मुख्य रूप से चालकता (conduction), संवहन (convection), और विकिरण (radiation) के माध्यम से होता है। ठोस में ऊष्मा चालकता से, तरल और गैसें संवहन से, और विकिरण में बिना माध्यम के फैलती है। जलचक्र और भूमिगत जल संचयन पृथ्वी पर जल संरक्षण और पुनर्वितरण में मदद करते हैं।

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Important Points

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Practice MCQ Questions (49 questions)

Q1. What is the primary source of heat for the Earth?

Q2. Which process involves heat transfer through direct particle contact without particle movement?

Q3. Why are cooking utensils usually made of metals?

Q4. What happens to the pins in the metal strip experiment when heated?

Q5. Which material is a poor conductor of heat?

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

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Tough Words (Glossary)

Reside

Meaning: To live in a place

अर्थ: किसी स्थान पर रहना

"They reside in Gangtok."

Comparatively

Meaning: As compared to something else

अर्थ: तुलनात्मक रूप से

"Kerala is comparatively warmer than Sikkim."

Curiosity

Meaning: A strong desire to know or learn something

अर्थ: जिज्ञासा

"Children show curiosity about nature."

Equator

Meaning: An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth

अर्थ: भूमध्य रेखा

"Kenya lies near the equator."

Coastline

Meaning: The outline of a coast

अर्थ: समुद्रतट रेखा

"Kerala has a long coastline."

Utensils

Meaning: Tools used in the kitchen for cooking

अर्थ: बर्तन

"She bought new utensils for the kitchen."

Conductors

Meaning: Materials that allow heat or electricity to pass

अर्थ: चालक

"Metals are good conductors of heat."

Supervision

Meaning: The action of watching over an activity

अर्थ: देखरेख

"The experiment was done under teacher’s supervision."

Secure

Meaning: To fix firmly or safely

अर्थ: मजबूत करना/सुरक्षित करना

"He secured the door with a lock."

Predict

Meaning: To say what will happen in the future

अर्थ: भविष्यवाणी करना

"Scientists predict rain tomorrow."

Infer

Meaning: To draw a conclusion based on evidence

अर्थ: निष्कर्ष निकालना

"We can infer that metals are good conductors."

Process

Meaning: A series of actions to achieve something

अर्थ: प्रक्रिया

"Boiling is a process of heating water."

Particles

Meaning: Tiny pieces of matter

अर्थ: कण

"Air is made up of small particles."

Insulator

Meaning: Material that does not allow heat or electricity to pass

अर्थ: रोधक

"Rubber is a good insulator."

Porcelain

Meaning: A fine white ceramic material

अर्थ: चीनी मिट्टी

"Tea is served in porcelain cups."

Fabric

Meaning: Cloth produced by weaving or knitting

अर्थ: कपड़ा/वस्त्र

"She wore a woollen fabric."

Climate

Meaning: Weather conditions in an area over a period of time

अर्थ: जलवायु

"The climate in deserts is hot and dry."

Prevent

Meaning: To stop something from happening

अर्थ: रोकना

"Exercise prevents diseases."

Trapped

Meaning: To be caught or held tightly

अर्थ: फँसा हुआ

"Air is trapped in woollen clothes."

Phenomenon

Meaning: A fact or event observed in nature

अर्थ: प्रकृति की घटना

"Rainbow is a natural phenomenon."

Investigate

Meaning: To examine carefully

अर्थ: जाँच करना

"Police will investigate the case."

Observation

Meaning: The action of noticing something

अर्थ: अवलोकन

"The scientist recorded his observations."

Expand

Meaning: To become larger or more extensive

अर्थ: फैलना

"Metals expand on heating."

Mixture

Meaning: A substance made by mixing others

अर्थ: मिश्रण

"Air is a mixture of gases."

Liquid

Meaning: A substance that flows freely

अर्थ: तरल

"Water is a liquid."

Cycle

Meaning: A repeated sequence of events

अर्थ: चक्र

"The water cycle is continuous."

Condense

Meaning: To change from gas to liquid

अर्थ: संघनित होना

"Water vapour condenses into clouds."

Precipitation

Meaning: Rain, snow, or hail that falls from clouds

अर्थ: वर्षा/वृष्टि

"Precipitation includes rain and snow."

Redistribute

Meaning: To share something again in a new way

अर्थ: पुनः वितरण करना

"The government redistributes resources."

Replenish

Meaning: To fill something again

अर्थ: पुनः भरना

"Rain helps replenish rivers."

Depleted

Meaning: Reduced or emptied

अर्थ: खाली/कम होना

"Groundwater is getting depleted."

Scarcity

Meaning: Shortage of something

अर्थ: कमी/अभाव

"There is scarcity of water in deserts."

Innovative

Meaning: Using new ideas or methods

अर्थ: नवोन्मेषी

"Solar energy is an innovative solution."

Comfortable

Meaning: Providing ease and relaxation

अर्थ: आरामदायक

"This sofa is very comfortable."

Radiate

Meaning: To send out heat, light, or energy

अर्थ: विकिरण करना

"The Sun radiates heat and light."

Require

Meaning: To need something

अर्थ: आवश्यक होना

"Plants require sunlight to grow."

Medium

Meaning: A substance through which something is transmitted

अर्थ: माध्यम

"Air is a medium for sound."

Absorb

Meaning: To take in or soak up

अर्थ: सोखना

"Dark clothes absorb more heat."

Exchange

Meaning: To give and receive in return

अर्थ: अदला-बदली करना

"Countries exchange goods."

Evaporation

Meaning: The process of liquid turning into vapour

अर्थ: वाष्पीकरण

"Water evaporates in the Sun."

Transpiration

Meaning: The process of plants releasing water vapour

अर्थ: वाष्पोत्सर्जन

"Plants lose water through transpiration."

Astronomer

Meaning: A scientist who studies space and stars

अर्थ: खगोलशास्त्री

"Galileo was a famous astronomer."

Mathematician

Meaning: An expert in mathematics

अर्थ: गणितज्ञ

"Aryabhata was a great mathematician."

Seasonal

Meaning: Related to a particular season

अर्थ: मौसमी

"Mango is a seasonal fruit."

Formation

Meaning: The process of being formed

अर्थ: निर्माण

"Cloud formation happens in the sky."

Position

Meaning: The place where something is located

अर्थ: स्थिति

"The position of the stars changes."

Seepage

Meaning: The slow escape of a liquid

अर्थ: रसाव

"Seepage of water occurs in soil."

Gravel

Meaning: Small stones used in building

अर्थ: बजरी

"The road is covered with gravel."

Infiltration

Meaning: The process of water seeping into the ground

अर्थ: भेदन/अवशोषण

"Infiltration replenishes groundwater."

Sediments

Meaning: Matter that settles at the bottom of a liquid

अर्थ: अवसाद

"Rivers carry sediments."

Aquifer

Meaning: A layer of rock that stores groundwater

अर्थ: जलभृत

"Many cities depend on aquifers for water."

Sustainable

Meaning: Able to continue without causing harm

अर्थ: सतत

"We need sustainable energy sources."

Harvesting

Meaning: The act of collecting crops or resources

अर्थ: कटाई/संग्रह

"Rainwater harvesting is useful."

Recharge

Meaning: To refill or restore

अर्थ: पुनः भरना

"Recharge pits help groundwater."

Platform

Meaning: A raised surface

अर्थ: मंच/स्थान

"The train stopped at the platform."

Cone-shaped

Meaning: Having the shape of a cone

अर्थ: शंकु आकार का

"The ice stupa is cone-shaped."

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 7 – Heat Transfer in Nature

Chapter Introduction

Watch Video Lecture

Important Points

Practice MCQ Questions (49 questions)

Q1. What is the primary source of heat for the Earth?

Q2. Which process involves heat transfer through direct particle contact without particle movement?

Q3. Why are cooking utensils usually made of metals?

Q4. What happens to the pins in the metal strip experiment when heated?

Q5. Which material is a poor conductor of heat?

Q6. How does heat transfer occur in liquids and gases?

Q7. What causes sea breeze during the day?

Q8. What is the movement of cooler air from land to sea at night called?

Q9. Which process does NOT require a medium for heat transfer?

Q10. Why do we wear dark-colored clothes in winter?

Q11. What is the main reason wet clothes dry faster on sunny days?

Q12. Which device uses conduction, convection, and radiation for heating rooms in the Himalayas?

Q13. What is the continuous movement of water in nature called?

Q14. Which state of water is found in glaciers?

Q15. What is the process of water turning into vapor called?

Q16. What forms when water vapor cools in the atmosphere?

Q17. Who predicted seasonal rainfall based on cloud formation and wind patterns?

Q18. Which material allows water to seep through the fastest?

Q19. What is the underground storage of water in rock layers called?

Q20. Why is groundwater depletion a concern?

Q21. What is used in Ladakh to conserve water as ice?

Q22. Which heat transfer process occurs in the water cycle?

Q23. What is the role of air trapped between two thin blankets?

Q24. Why does smoke rise upwards?

Q25. What happens to a balloon placed in the Sun?

Q26. Which material is used in Himalayan houses to prevent heat loss?

Q27. What is the primary method of heat transfer in solids?

Q28. Which phenomenon explains the heating of water in a pan?

Q29. What is the main reason Kerala is warmer than Gangtok?

Q30. How does heat from the Sun reach the Earth?

Q31. What happens to water particles during convection?

Q32. Which instrument measures temperature in the land-water experiment?

Q33. What is the purpose of a chimney in a bukhari?

Q34. Which process is responsible for drying clothes?

Q35. What is the primary cause of land breeze?

Q36. Which material is the best insulator?

Q37. What is the main reason for using clay cups for tea?

Q38. Which process involves heat transfer via electromagnetic waves?

Q39. What is the primary method of heat transfer in gases?

Q40. Why does gravel allow faster water seepage than clay?

Q41. What is the main purpose of rainwater harvesting?

Q42. Which scientist studied heat transfer in metals?

Q43. What is the main reason for ice stupas in Ladakh?

Q44. Which process is responsible for cloud formation?

Q45. Why are hollow bricks used in house construction?

Q46. What is the primary reason for wearing woolen clothes in winter?

Q47. Which phenomenon explains the rising of hot air balloons?

Q48. What is the primary method of heat transfer in the Sun?

Q49. Which process replenishes groundwater?