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Political Science NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 12 – Earth, Moon, and the Sun
Class 7 Science
Last Updated: 31 May 2026
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हिंदी में (Hindi)
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Important Points
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Practice MCQ Questions (49 questions)
Q1. What causes day and night on Earth?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q2. In which direction does the Earth rotate?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q3. How long does one Earth rotation take?
✓ Correct Answer: B
Q4. What is the apparent movement of the Sun due to Earth's rotation?
✓ Correct Answer: A
Q5. What imaginary line does Earth rotate around?
✓ Correct Answer: B
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
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Tough Words (Glossary)
Rotation
Meaning: Spinning of an object about its own axis
अर्थ: घूर्णन/परिभ्रमण (अपने अक्ष पर)
"Earth’s rotation causes day and night."
Axis
Meaning: An imaginary line around which something turns
अर्थ: अक्ष
"The Earth rotates about its axis."
Anti‑clockwise
Meaning: Turning in the opposite direction to a clock’s hands
अर्थ: घड़ी की उलटी दिशा
"From the North Pole, Earth turns anti‑clockwise."
Clockwise
Meaning: Turning in the same direction as a clock’s hands
अर्थ: घड़ी की दिशा
"Objects seemed to move clockwise from the merry‑go‑round."
Merry‑go‑round
Meaning: A rotating ride in a park
अर्थ: घूमता झूला
"She observed trees from a merry‑go‑round."
Gaze
Meaning: A steady look
अर्थ: टकटकी/दृष्टि
"Fix your gaze on the tree while turning."
Appear
Meaning: To seem or look a certain way
अर्थ: दिखाई देना/प्रतीत होना
"The Sun appears to move across the sky."
Geographic
Meaning: Related to places on Earth
अर्थ: भौगोलिक
"The axis passes through the geographic poles."
North Pole
Meaning: Topmost point on Earth’s axis
अर्थ: उत्तरी ध्रुव
"View rotation from above the North Pole."
South Pole
Meaning: Bottom point on Earth’s axis
अर्थ: दक्षिणी ध्रुव
"The axis connects the North and South Poles."
Equator
Meaning: Imaginary line halfway between poles
अर्थ: भूमध्य रेखा
"At the equator, day and night are nearly equal."
Rotate
Meaning: To turn around an axis
अर्थ: घूमना/घूर्णन करना
"Globes rotate like the Earth."
Daytime
Meaning: The part of the day when there is light
अर्थ: दिन का समय
"The side facing the Sun has daytime."
Sunrise
Meaning: When the Sun first appears in the morning
अर्थ: सूर्योदय
"Sunrise happens first in the east."
Sunset
Meaning: When the Sun disappears in the evening
अर्थ: सूर्यास्त
"Sunset begins the night."
Revolution
Meaning: Moving around another object
अर्थ: परिक्रमण
"Earth’s revolution takes about one year."
Orbit
Meaning: The path of a revolving object
अर्थ: कक्षा
"Earth moves in an orbit around the Sun."
Nearly circular
Meaning: Almost round in shape
अर्थ: लगभग वृत्ताकार
"Earth’s orbit is nearly circular."
Hemisphere
Meaning: Half of the Earth
अर्थ: अर्धगोलार्द्ध
"India lies in the Northern Hemisphere."
Tilt
Meaning: A slant from upright
अर्थ: झुकाव
"Seasons occur due to Earth’s tilt."
Spherical
Meaning: Shaped like a ball
अर्थ: गोलाकार/गोलीय
"Earth’s spherical shape spreads sunlight differently."
Season
Meaning: Part of the year with certain weather
अर्थ: ऋतु/मौसम
"Summer and winter are seasons."
Solstice
Meaning: Day with longest or shortest daylight
अर्थ: अयनांत
"June has the summer solstice in the north."
Equinox
Meaning: Day with equal day and night
अर्थ: विषुव
"Around March 21 is the spring equinox."
Intensity
Meaning: Strength or brightness of light
अर्थ: तीव्रता
"Summer sunlight has higher intensity."
Day length
Meaning: Number of daylight hours
अर्थ: दिन की अवधि
"Day length is longer in June in the north."
Apparent
Meaning: As it seems to be, not necessarily true
अर्थ: प्रतीत
"The Sun’s apparent motion is due to Earth’s rotation."
Pendulum
Meaning: A weight swinging from a string
अर्थ: लटकन/दोलक
"A long pendulum shows Earth’s rotation."
Foucault pendulum
Meaning: A pendulum that shows Earth’s rotation
अर्थ: फूको दोलक
"The Parliament has a Foucault pendulum."
Constellation
Meaning: A pattern of stars
अर्थ: नक्षत्रसमूह/तारक‑मंडल
"The Big Dipper is a constellation."
Big Dipper (Saptarishi)
Meaning: A famous star pattern in the north
अर्थ: सप्तऋषि तारक‑समूह
"Find the Pole Star using the Big Dipper."
Pole Star
Meaning: A star nearly above Earth’s axis in the north
अर्थ: ध्रुव तारा
"The Pole Star looks almost fixed."
Star trail
Meaning: Curved path of stars in long photos
अर्थ: तारामंडल पथ/स्टार ट्रेल
"Long exposure shows star trails."
Astrophotographer
Meaning: A person who photographs the night sky
अर्थ: खगोल‑छायाचित्रकार
"Astrophotographers capture eclipses."
Indigenous
Meaning: Native to a place
अर्थ: स्वदेशी/आदिवासी
"Indigenous groups used stars to predict monsoon."
Monsoon
Meaning: Season of heavy rains in South Asia
अर्थ: मानसून
"Certain stars signalled the monsoon."
Planetarium
Meaning: Place to learn about the sky with shows
अर्थ: तारामंडल
"Go to a planetarium for eclipse viewing."
Observatory
Meaning: A place with telescopes for study
अर्थ: वेधशाला
"Kodaikanal Observatory studies the Sun."
Astronomer
Meaning: A scientist who studies space
अर्थ: खगोलशास्त्री
"Vainu Bappu was an Indian astronomer."
Comet
Meaning: A small icy body that orbits the Sun
अर्थ: धूमकेतु
"He discovered a comet."
Satellite (natural)
Meaning: A space object that orbits a planet
अर्थ: उपग्रह (प्राकृतिक)
"The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite."
Eclipse
Meaning: Event when one body blocks light to another
अर्थ: ग्रहण
"Solar and lunar eclipses happen every year."
Solar eclipse
Meaning: When the Moon blocks sunlight to Earth
अर्थ: सौर ग्रहण
"Never look at a solar eclipse directly."
Lunar eclipse
Meaning: When Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon
अर्थ: चन्द्र ग्रहण
"A lunar eclipse is safe to view."
Transit
Meaning: Small body crossing in front of a larger one
अर्थ: पारगमन/संक्रमण
"A Transit of Venus looks like a tiny dot."
Apparent size
Meaning: How big something looks from where you are
अर्थ: प्रतीत आकार
"The thumb can cover a far head by apparent size."
Shadow (umbra)
Meaning: Darkest part where light is fully blocked
अर्थ: पूर्ण छाया (अम्ब्रा)
"Total eclipse occurs in the umbra."
Partial eclipse
Meaning: When only part of the light is blocked
अर्थ: आंशिक ग्रहण
"Many places see a partial eclipse."
Total eclipse
Meaning: When the light is completely blocked
अर्थ: पूर्ण ग्रहण
"A total solar eclipse makes day go dark."
Safety
Meaning: Being protected from harm
अर्थ: सुरक्षा
"Use proper safety for solar viewing."
Project (an image)
Meaning: To throw light to form a picture on a screen
अर्थ: प्रक्षेपित करना
"Project the Sun’s image on a wall."
Movable stand
Meaning: A support that can be adjusted
अर्थ: चलायमान स्टैंड
"Use a movable stand for the mirror."
Reverse
Meaning: To go in the opposite way
अर्थ: उलटना/विपरीत होना
"Seasons reverse in the two hemispheres."
Prominent
Meaning: Easily seen; noticeable
अर्थ: स्पष्ट/प्रमुख
"Near the equator, seasons are less prominent."
Proximity
Meaning: Nearness in distance
अर्थ: निकटता
"Proximity to oceans affects climate."
Cycle
Meaning: A set of events that repeats in order
अर्थ: चक्र
"Seasons follow a yearly cycle."
Year (about 365 days)
Meaning: Time for one revolution around the Sun
अर्थ: वर्ष (लगभग 365 दिन)
"One year is Earth’s revolution time."
Stationary (nearly)
Meaning: Not moving or changing position
अर्थ: लगभग स्थिर
"The Pole Star appears nearly stationary."
Skylight
Meaning: A window in the roof for light
अर्थ: छत की खिड़की/स्काईलाइट
"The pendulum hung from a skylight."
Integration
Meaning: Joining parts into a whole
अर्थ: एकीकरण/समेकन
"The pendulum symbolises India’s integration with the cosmos."