Why is the average income not an adequate indicator of economic development?

It ignores environmental factors

What does Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicate?

Number of children that die before age one

What is the literacy rate?

Percentage of literate population

Proportion of literate population in 7+ age group

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 – Development

Name: Development – Class 10 Economics
Uploaded: 2026-04-15
Description: Development means improving people’s lives, not just increasing income. It includes health, education, equality, and sustainability. Different people and countries have different goals, and progress should benefit all without harming resources or future generations.

Class 10 Economics

Last Updated: 15 April 2026

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Chapter Introduction

Development means improving people’s lives, not just increasing income. It includes health, education, equality, and sustainability. Different people and countries have different goals, and progress should benefit all without harming resources or future generations.

हिंदी में (Hindi)

विकास का मतलब केवल आय बढ़ाना नहीं, बल्कि लोगों के जीवन को बेहतर बनाना है। इसमें स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, समानता और स्थिरता शामिल हैं। अलग-अलग लोग और देश अलग लक्ष्य रखते हैं, और प्रगति सभी के लिए होनी चाहिए, बिना संसाधनों या भविष्य की पीढ़ियों को नुकसान पहुँचाए।

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Important Points

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Practice MCQ Questions (30 questions)

Q1. Development can be defined as:

Q2. Which one of the following is a better measure of economic development?

Q3. Per capita income is:

Q4. Which of the following indicators is used by the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Q5. The life expectancy at birth denotes:

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Tough Words (Glossary)

Development

Meaning: Progress or growth

अर्थ: विकास

"India is working towards sustainable development."

Aspirations

Meaning: Hopes for future

अर्थ: आकांक्षाएँ

"Children have many aspirations for the future."

Desires

Meaning: Wants

अर्थ: इच्छाएँ

"He has desires to become a doctor."

Essential

Meaning: Necessary

अर्थ: अनिवार्य

"Food is essential for life."

Equality

Meaning: Being equal

अर्थ: समानता

"Equality is necessary in society."

Complex

Meaning: Complicated

अर्थ: जटिल

"This is a complex issue."

Democratic

Meaning: Based on people's rule

अर्थ: जनतांत्रिक

"India has a democratic system."

Possibilities

Meaning: Chances

अर्थ: संभावनाएँ

"There are many possibilities in education."

Conflicting

Meaning: Opposing

अर्थ: विरोधाभासी

"Their goals are conflicting."

Resent

Meaning: Feel angry about

अर्थ: नाराज़ होना

"People resent unfair treatment."

Displaced

Meaning: Forced to move

अर्थ: विस्थापित

"The villagers were displaced due to the dam."

Opportunity

Meaning: Chance

अर्थ: अवसर

"Everyone should get equal opportunity."

Consumption

Meaning: Use of goods and services

अर्थ: उपभोग

"Our consumption of water should be limited."

Security

Meaning: Safety

अर्थ: सुरक्षा

"Safety provides security."

Discrimination

Meaning: Unfair treatment

अर्थ: भेदभाव

"Discrimination is not acceptable."

Criterion

Meaning: Standard for judgment

अर्थ: मापदंड

"Marks are a criterion for selection."

Attributes

Meaning: Qualities

अर्थ: गुण

"Honesty is a good attribute."

Per Capita Income

Meaning: Average income per person

अर्थ: प्रति व्यक्ति आय

"The per capita income of India is rising."

Indicators

Meaning: Measures

अर्थ: सूचक

"Literacy and health are important indicators."

Infant Mortality Rate

Meaning: Child death rate

अर्थ: शिशु मृत्यु दर

"Infant Mortality Rate has decreased in Kerala."

Literacy

Meaning: Ability to read and write

अर्थ: साक्षरता

"Literacy helps in employment."

Facilities

Meaning: Services available

अर्थ: सुविधाएँ

"The village lacks basic facilities."

Nourished

Meaning: Well-fed

अर्थ: पोषित

"He looks nourished and healthy."

Obesity

Meaning: Overweight

अर्थ: मोटापा

"Obesity is a health issue."

Undernourished

Meaning: Not well-fed

अर्थ: कुपोषित

"Many children are undernourished."

Renewable

Meaning: Can be replaced by nature

अर्थ: नवीकरणीय

"Wind is a renewable source of energy."

Non-renewable

Meaning: Cannot be replaced

अर्थ: अनवीकरणीय

"Coal is a non-renewable resource."

Exhaustion

Meaning: Using up completely

अर्थ: क्षय

"The exhaustion of oil is a concern."

Sustainability

Meaning: Ability to last long

अर्थ: सततता

"Sustainability is needed for future generations."

Degradation

Meaning: Worsening condition

अर्थ: अवनति

"Environmental degradation affects everyone."

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 – Development

Chapter Introduction

Watch Video Lecture

Important Points

Practice MCQ Questions (30 questions)

Q1. Development can be defined as:

Q2. Which one of the following is a better measure of economic development?

Q3. Per capita income is:

Q4. Which of the following indicators is used by the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Q5. The life expectancy at birth denotes:

Q6. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is calculated using:

Q7. Which country has the highest per capita income according to the Human Development Report 2021-22?

Q8. The Human Development Index (HDI) ranks countries based on:

Q9. Why is the average income not an adequate indicator of economic development?

Q10. What does Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicate?

Q11. What is the literacy rate?

Q12. The Net Attendance Ratio is calculated for which age group?

Q13. Which state in India has the highest literacy rate?

Q14. What does the term 'Purchasing Power Parity' mean?

Q15. Which of the following factors are important for human development?

Q16. What is the main objective of sustainable development?

Q17. Groundwater is considered a renewable resource because:

Q18. The decline in water level in many parts of India is due to:

Q19. What is the main cause of environmental degradation?

Q20. The reserves of crude oil in the world are estimated to last for:

Q21. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

Q22. Why is it important to conserve energy resources?

Q23. The term 'development' refers to:

Q24. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?

Q25. What is the role of the World Bank in economic development?

Q26. Which country is better in terms of life expectancy according to the Human Development Report 2021-22?

Q27. Why is the distribution of income important for development?

Q28. What is the primary goal of economic development?

Q29. What is the significance of the Gross Enrolment Ratio?

Q30. What are the key components of human development?