NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 6 – Tissues

Name: Tissues – Class 9 Science
Uploaded: 2026-04-15
Description: Multicellular organisms have specialized cells grouped into tissues to perform specific functions efficiently. Plants have meristematic and permanent tissues like xylem and phloem, while animals have epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. This division of labor ensures proper growth, support, movement, and coordination in living organisms.

Class 9 Science

Last Updated: 15 April 2026

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Chapter Introduction

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells grouped into tissues to perform specific functions efficiently. Plants have meristematic and permanent tissues like xylem and phloem, while animals have epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. This division of labor ensures proper growth, support, movement, and coordination in living organisms.

हिंदी में (Hindi)

बहुकोशिकीय जीवों में विशेष कार्य करने वाली कोशिकाएँ समूह बनाकर ऊतक बनाती हैं। पौधों में मेरिस्टेमेटिक और स्थायी ऊतक जैसे जलवाहिनी और सूत्रवाहिनी पाए जाते हैं, जबकि जानवरों में एपिथीलियल, संयोजी, पेशी और तंत्रिका ऊतक होते हैं। यह कार्य विभाजन जीवन क्रियाओं को सुचारू रूप से संचालित करता है।

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Important Points

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Practice MCQ Questions (30 questions)

Q1. Which type of tissue is responsible for the movement of body parts?

Q2. What is the main function of the xylem in plants?

Q3. Which tissue in plants is responsible for photosynthesis?

Q4. What type of cells make up the epidermis in plants?

Q5. Which tissue is responsible for the transport of food in plants?

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Tough Words (Glossary)

Unicellular

Meaning: Made of a single cell

अर्थ: एक ही कोशिका से बना

"Amoeba is a unicellular organism."

Multicellular

Meaning: Made of many cells

अर्थ: अनेक कोशिकाओं से बना

"Humans are multicellular organisms."

Specialised

Meaning: Adapted for a particular job

अर्थ: किसी खास कार्य हेतु अनुकूलित

"Muscle cells are specialised to contract."

Division of labour

Meaning: Different parts sharing different jobs

अर्थ: कार्य-विभाजन

"Tissues show division of labour in the body."

Tissue

Meaning: Group of similar cells doing a job

अर्थ: समान कोशिकाओं का समूह

"Blood is a tissue that transports materials."

Vascular

Meaning: Related to tubes that carry fluids

अर्थ: वाहिकीय

"Plants have vascular tissues to transport water and food."

Meristematic

Meaning: Actively dividing (growing) tissue

अर्थ: विभाज्य/वृद्धिशील ऊतक

"Apical meristem helps a shoot grow longer."

Apical

Meaning: At the tip (apex)

अर्थ: शीर्षस्थ

"Apical meristems are present at root tips."

Lateral

Meaning: On the sides

अर्थ: पार्श्वीय

"Lateral meristem increases the girth of stems."

Intercalary

Meaning: Between nodes; inserted between parts

अर्थ: अंतरास्थ/बीच में स्थित

"Intercalary meristem occurs near nodes."

Differentiation

Meaning: Becoming specialised in form and function

अर्थ: परिभेदन

"Cells undergo differentiation to form permanent tissues."

Parenchyma

Meaning: Living, thin‑walled basic plant tissue

अर्थ: मूलतंतु/पैरेन्काइमा

"Parenchyma cells store food in stems."

Chlorenchyma

Meaning: Parenchyma with chlorophyll

अर्थ: हरिततंतु

"Chlorenchyma performs photosynthesis in leaves."

Aerenchyma

Meaning: Parenchyma with large air spaces

अर्थ: वायुतंतु

"Aerenchyma helps aquatic plants float."

Collenchyma

Meaning: Flexible, thick‑cornered living tissue

अर्थ: कोलेन्काइमा

"Collenchyma gives flexibility to leaf stalks."

Sclerenchyma

Meaning: Dead, thick‑walled supportive tissue

अर्थ: स्क्लेरेंकाइमा

"Sclerenchyma fibres make plants hard and strong."

Lignin

Meaning: Hardening substance in plant cell walls

अर्थ: लिग्निन

"Lignin thickens sclerenchyma walls."

Epidermis

Meaning: Outer protective layer of cells

अर्थ: एपिडर्मिस/त्वचा ऊतक

"The leaf epidermis protects inner tissues."

Stomata

Meaning: Tiny pores on leaves for gas exchange

अर्थ: रंध्र

"Stomata open to let gases move in and out."

Guard cells

Meaning: Special cells that open/close stomata

अर्थ: रक्षक कोशिकाएँ

"Guard cells control stomatal opening."

Transpiration

Meaning: Loss of water as vapour from plants

अर्थ: वाष्पोत्सर्जन

"Transpiration occurs mainly through stomata."

Cutin

Meaning: Waxy waterproof substance on epidermis

अर्थ: क्यूटिन

"Desert plants have thick cutin on leaves."

Suberin

Meaning: Waxy material in cork cell walls

अर्थ: सबरिन

"Suberin makes cork cells impervious to water."

Impervious

Meaning: Not allowing fluids to pass

अर्थ: अभेद्य/जलरोधी

"Cork is impervious to water and gases."

Cork

Meaning: Protective outer tissue in older stems

अर्थ: कॉर्क/फल्ली

"Cork forms from secondary meristem."

Xylem

Meaning: Tissue that carries water and minerals

अर्थ: जाइलम/काष्ठवाहिनी

"Xylem transports water from roots to leaves."

Phloem

Meaning: Tissue that carries food (sugars)

अर्थ: फ्लोएम/पर्णवाहिनी

"Phloem transports food to all parts."

Tracheids

Meaning: Elongated xylem cells for conduction

अर्थ: ट्रैकिड्स

"Tracheids help conduct water upward."

Vessels

Meaning: Tube‑like xylem elements

अर्थ: वेसल/नलिकाएँ

"Vessels provide a continuous water pathway."

Sieve tubes

Meaning: Phloem tubes with perforated ends

अर्थ: चलनी नलिकाएँ

"Sieve tubes carry sugars from leaves."

Companion cells

Meaning: Phloem cells aiding sieve tubes

अर्थ: सहचारी कोशिकाएँ

"Companion cells support sieve tube function."

Epithelial tissue

Meaning: Protective covering tissue in animals

अर्थ: अस्तर ऊतक/उपकला

"Skin is made of epithelial tissue."

Simple squamous

Meaning: Single flat layer of epithelium

अर्थ: सरल समतली उपकला

"Lung alveoli have simple squamous epithelium."

Stratified squamous

Meaning: Many layers of flat cells

अर्थ: स्तरीकृत समतली उपकला

"The skin has stratified squamous epithelium."

Columnar epithelium

Meaning: Tall pillar‑like epithelial cells

अर्थ: स्तंभी उपकला

"The intestine has columnar epithelium for absorption."

Ciliated

Meaning: Having tiny moving hair‑like structures

अर्थ: कशाभित/सिलिया वाले

"Ciliated cells push mucus in the respiratory tract."

Cuboidal epithelium

Meaning: Cube‑shaped epithelial cells

अर्थ: घनाभ उपकला

"Kidney tubules are lined by cuboidal epithelium."

Glandular epithelium

Meaning: Epithelium specialised to secrete

अर्थ: ग्रंथिय उपकला

"Glandular epithelium releases enzymes."

Connective tissue

Meaning: Tissue with cells in a matrix, for support/transport

अर्थ: संयोजी ऊतक

"Blood and bone are connective tissues."

Matrix

Meaning: Background material around cells

अर्थ: आंतरद्रव्य/मैट्रिक्स

"Bone cells lie in a hard matrix."

Plasma

Meaning: Liquid part of blood

अर्थ: प्लाज़्मा

"Plasma carries nutrients and hormones."

Corpuscles

Meaning: Blood cells (RBCs/WBCs)

अर्थ: रक्त कण/कोशिकाएँ

"Red corpuscles carry oxygen."

Platelets

Meaning: Tiny blood fragments for clotting

अर्थ: प्लेटलेट/रक्त-अणुक

"Platelets help stop bleeding."

Ligament

Meaning: Tissue joining bone to bone

अर्थ: बंधन/लिगामेंट

"A sprain injures a ligament."

Tendon

Meaning: Tissue joining muscle to bone

अर्थ: कण्डरा/टेंडन

"The Achilles tendon helps us walk."

Cartilage

Meaning: Smooth, flexible connective tissue

अर्थ: उपास्थि

"Cartilage is present in the nose and ear."

Areolar tissue

Meaning: Loose connective tissue filling spaces

अर्थ: विस्तृत संयोजी ऊतक

"Areolar tissue supports organs."

Adipose tissue

Meaning: Fat‑storing tissue

अर्थ: स्नायु/वसा ऊतक

"Adipose tissue stores energy and insulates."

Contractile proteins

Meaning: Muscle proteins that shorten to move

अर्थ: संकोचक प्रोटीन

"Contractile proteins help muscles contract."

Voluntary muscles

Meaning: Muscles we can control

अर्थ: इच्छानुबद्ध मांसपेशियाँ

"We move our arms with voluntary muscles."

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Ch 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Ch 7: Motion

NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 6 – Tissues

Chapter Introduction

Watch Video Lecture

Important Points

Practice MCQ Questions (30 questions)

Q1. Which type of tissue is responsible for the movement of body parts?

Q2. What is the main function of the xylem in plants?

Q3. Which tissue in plants is responsible for photosynthesis?

Q4. What type of cells make up the epidermis in plants?

Q5. Which tissue is responsible for the transport of food in plants?

Q6. What is the function of meristematic tissue in plants?

Q7. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

Q8. What is the main characteristic of sclerenchyma tissue?

Q9. Where is the apical meristem located in plants?

Q10. What type of cells are found in the blood?

Q11. Which tissue type forms the outer covering of the plant?

Q12. What is the role of guard cells in the epidermis?

Q13. Which tissue type is responsible for the flexibility in plants?

Q14. What is the main function of the phloem?

Q15. What type of connective tissue stores fat in the body?

Q16. What is the main characteristic of parenchyma cells?

Q17. Where is the lateral meristem found in plants?

Q18. What type of muscle tissue controls involuntary movements?

Q19. What is the main function of nervous tissue?

Q20. What type of tissue forms the lining of the mouth?

Q21. What type of tissue is cartilage?

Q22. What are the cells in nervous tissue called?

Q23. What type of muscle tissue is attached to bones?

Q24. What type of tissue is found in the kidney tubules?

Q25. What type of epithelial tissue is found in the lungs?

Q26. Which tissue type in animals has the least intercellular space?

Q27. What is the main function of tendons?

Q28. What type of epithelial tissue has cilia?

Q29. What is the main function of the vascular bundle in plants?

Q30. Which tissue type is responsible for the storage of food in plants?